Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper Essay

Infancy and archaeozoic pincerhood atomic number 18 considered a time when virtu ally cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development takes come allowing it to be exceptional and very inborn in human development. A chelas development does not fit at birth scarce through proper viands before and during conception. Infancy and archaeozoic on childhood is a critical demonstrate of development that forms the foundation for childrens future well-being and erudition (UNICEF, 2011). At this archean set of life, development can be hinder due to certain factors within families and the environment. In this paper, I bequeath explain how families equal the development of infants and young children. I will also evaluate antithetic nourishing ship canal and its persuades on a childs development during the infancy and archaeozoic childhood stages while voicing my opinion on which p benting style I believe is most emergenceive. Lastly, I will discuss early childhood upbringing and the influence it plays on cognitive development.Effect of Families on festeringThroughout history, the role of families and how it shanghais a child development has been a subject field of discussion for centuries. Family is the first interaction that a child have that the Great Compromiser continuously (Elkin & Handel, 1978). The family structure and aro work-child communication have more than of an impact on the child development than those early years of attending dayc be. Throughout the joined States, children argon raised in various family environment ranging from single to bivalent parenting, same-sex parenting, and multi-racial parenting. All of those factors contri furthere to the divergent families, cultures, and religion a child is introduced to because they are all spawned through marriage, divorce, and other forms of descent connections. Berger (2011), argues that families accommodate responses in children from the nervus facialis expression, e motional and physical connections. The sense of security a child finds at their home base is the foundation of their success in life (Harris, nd Faith, n.d).Engaging in baby talk allows children to constitute socialization skills. dogmatic family interactions make room for healthy brain, emotional, and cognitive development. Children see from their surroundings, they absorb all information from families and parents whatever message that is givingto that child molds the basis of the childs self-concept and self-confidence, which are vital to positive social and emotional developmental changes throughout childhood (Faith, nd.). During these early stages in a childs life, they are more dependent on the role of family members to meet their of necessity thus molding their development in how they will later interact, learn, and celestial horizon the world.Styles of ParentingBased off the studies of clinical and developmental psychologist Diane Baumrind, she found that parents differed on cardinal important dimensions after studying 100 preschool children, all from California and in general middle-class European Americans (Berger, 2011, pg. 273). These dimensions are expressions of warmth, strategies for discipline, communication, and expectations for maturity. In order to understand the diverse parenting styles, the characteristics of these dimension for parent should be addressed. Expression of warmth describes a parent who is warm and display affection, when other parents can be analytical. Strategies for discipline are the thought process the parent goes through in determining the trump out route in dealing with the action of the child. Communication is the value the parent set on listening. Expectations for maturity describe the amount of responsibility that the parent(s) places on the child. The four different dimension of parents, allowed Baumrind to later identify three styles of parenting. prideful ParentingParents who have an authoritarian style o f parenting are extremely strict and mettlesome controlling (Gurian, 2011). The authoritarian parents word is law, not to be questioned (Berger, 2011). These parents do not expect their children to have an opinion and discussions about emotions are limited. Even though, authoritarian parents may not display emotions of whop for their children the love is there, some argue that it is tough love and a way to attend children self soothe themselves and mold the child into coping with the world better.Santrock (2010), argues that children whose parents use the authoritarian style of parenting are often unhappy, fearful, and anxious about comparing themselves to others, fail to initiate activity, and have weak communication skills. These children usually change state up to respect authority and are likely to become obedient, but place blameon themselves for their failures or if things go wrong. bailable ParentingPermissive parents (also called Indulgent parents) make few demands, hid ing any impatience they regain (Berger, 2011, pg. 273). Parents do not believe in disciplining the child based on their thoughts of the maturity level of the child. These parents are more attached to their child take and are very nurturing and accepting. They believe that children should have free will in choices to help rule and mold their character, they maintain a friend relationship with their child. The children that travel by under the guidance of this style of parenting usually have inadequate self-control and little respect for others (Santrock, 2010). These children usually grow up live at home and make immature decisions in life.Authoritative Parenting unlike the authoritarian style of parenting, parents who fall under authoritative parenting set limits and perform rules but yet they also listen to their children (Berger, 2011, pg., 273). This style of parenting allows room for maturity understanding that children make mistakes and that not all actions involve punis hment. These parents consider themselves as guides for their children (Berger, 2011, pg. 273). Children who fall under this style are usually cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant, achievement-oriented, and maintain a friendly relationship with peers (Santrock, 2010).Neglectful/ Uninvolved ParentingThere is one more style of parenting that Baumrind failed to recognize, maybe because it is not a form of parenting in the eyeball of society or that it is sometimes mistaken for the permissive style, but is real different (Berger, 2011, pg. 274). The neglectful/ free parenting upholds to its name. Neglectful parenting are those parents who are uninvolved with children (Santrock, 2010). Neglectful parents are unaware of their children action or whereabouts. The children that receive this parenting style are usually immature, sad, and abused (Berger, 2011, pg. 274) they lack self-discipline and have no respect for others not even their own parents. I believe that the high hat parentin g style depends on the value the parent place on their culture. several(prenominal) believe that theauthoritarian style of parenting is most effective, because it allows the children to respect authority and proceed in society better. I am not sure if I necessarily agree that one style of parenting is better than the next. However, I do believe that children need to be guided and have discipline in order to become outstanding citizens. Regardless of which parenting style is most effective, for each one child will develop their own way of living and learning as they age each generation is different and new ways of parenting is constantly being introduced. other(a) Childhood Education and Cognitive ripeningEarly childhood is a time where physical growth takes place but the growth that emerges when early childhood education is presented has a major significant on the development of a childs cognitive development. Cognitive development pertains to the mental processes (language, mem ory, and problem solving skills that children use to arrive at knowledge (Grisham-Brown, 2009). According to Nuttall (n.d), cognitive development impacts a child education and allow educational providers to better support children and in turn, play an supple part in a childs development at home. Jean Piaget is credited for his work in childhood cognitive development. Piaget believed that children are intelligent but due to the maturity of their brain they just learn differently. Piagets Cognitive Theory, had three basic theatrical roles. Schemas which are building blocks of a childs knowledge and how he/she processes and categories information (Nuttall, n.d).The second component is the process that take place for the transition to expand from one stage to another (Nuttall, n.d). The third stage includes the stages of development themselves (Nuttall, n.d). An example to sum up how all these stages/component work within a childs cognition would be how a child can differentiate bet wixt a chicken and a turkey. The child at first coup doeil may process that they are the same thing, but he/she will later store new information that a turkey has different types of feathers which will help that child to process new information. The benefit of early childhood education plays a crucial and important role in the cognitive development of a child. There are many types of early childhood programmes available with access to these programs children have increase intelligence and gain cognition abilities faster.Child-Centered ProgramsThese programs stress childrens development and growth (Berger, 2011, pg. 253). Child-centered programs are pitch to strengthen the childs own interest and abilities. Many of these programs are self-paced to allow children to explore their artistic expression. Montessori schools and Reggio Emilia are some of the schools that fall under the child-centered programs. Berger (2011), stated that child centered programs are often influenced by Pia get, who emphasized that each child discover new ideas, and by Vygotsky, who thought that children learn from the other children, with adult guidance (pg. 253).Teacher-Directed ProgramsTeacher-directed programs stress academics, usually taught by one adult to the entire group (Berger, 2011, pg. 255). These programs usually tutor letter, numbers, and shape recognition. Within these programs children are required to take naps, have snacks, and go to the bathroom on a set schedule. These programs are usually geared to teach the children time management and appropriate behavior. Children who attend these programs adapt quickly to formula conditions that surround elementary schools.Intervention ProgramsIntervention programs like head start are aimed to cater to those families less fortunate to enroll their children into other early childhood education programs. Both health and cognition is the goal of these programs (Berger, 2011). These programs support children to build social skil ls, importance of health, and learning to get them better prompt for the future.ConclusionIt is without a doubt that the first interaction a child receives is that from parents and family members and that those relationships lay the foundation to how a child develops. It molds their personality and overall import on life in general. The style of parenting along with the interaction of parents influence development. Those parenting styles are authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, and neglectful parenting. Each style of parenting has a different effect on the child overall well-beingand future. It is safe to say that early childhood education programs have a unique way in being essential to a child cognitive development. Each program is design to fit the childs individual need but the results are all the same, it produces a higher intelligence rate and progress in their cognitive development.ReferencesBerger, K.S. (2011). The developing person through the life couple (8th ed). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. Grisham-Brown, J. (2009). Early childhood development. Influences of early childhood development. Retrieved from http//www.education.com/ acknowledgement/article/early-childhood-development/ on April 4, 2014, Gurian, A. (2011). Parenting styles/childrens temperaments the match. Retrieved from http//www.aboutourkids.org/articles/parenting_styleschildren039s_temperaments_match on April 4, 2014. Harris. B & Faith. R. (n.d). How early relationships affect child development. Retrieved from http//mom.me/parenting/5252-how-relationships-affect-child-development/ on April 3, 2014. Nuttall, E. (n.d.). Cognitive development in early childhood education. Retrieved from http//everydaylife.globalpost.com/cognitive-development-early-childhood-education-15503.html on April 5, 2014. Santrock, J.W (2010). A topical approach to life-span development. Boston McCraw-Hill Higher Education. UNICEF. (2011). Early childhood development a k ey to a full and originative life. Retrieved from http//www.unicef.org/dprk/ecd.pdf on April 1, 2014.