IPT Marketing Analysis

According to the International Dairy Deli Bakery Association’s What’s in Store report, 93% of Americans snack, with 50% of them doing so two or three times a day; 40% at least four times a day; and 13% five or more times a day (â€Å"Industry News: Snacks and Sweets Statistics†, 1998). Everybody snacks. In a culture bored by potato chips and peanuts, there is a golden opportunity for IPT to infiltrate the national snack market, both sweet and salty, by offering something unique, which will appeal to all ages and ethnic groups.Initially, target markets will consist of three categories based on price structure and volume: corporate accounts, retail customers, and wholesalers. In order to reach these target markets, a number of means will be used. For corporate accounts, including incentive companies, sales managers will participate in a sales blitz of local companies and both print and online e-zine advertising will be placed with trade publications. To reach whole sale accounts, sales managers will participate in trade shows and banner advertising will be placed on commercial distributors’ websites.Retail customers, IPT’s strongest market, will be tapped through the development of a catalog, a website with point of sale software, and radio advertising on a local and national level. Currently, a strong market exists for retail consumers who are health conscious but don’t want to give up snack foods, or what is labeled â€Å"compromisers† (Kuhn, 1996) and this will be a key segment for IPT.In the future, expansion of target markets will include foreign consumers, bulk buyers, and ethnic groups (with offerings of flavor coatings reflective of culture). After expansion regionally and nationally, the next market to logically to acquire is a global one. As IPT expands its operations, it is essential to fine-tune production in order to attract customer who will order in bulk, such as Wal-Mart. With IPT’s patented c oatings process, it will be easy to offer additional exotic flavorings to attract various ethnic groups.Market segments are divided geographically, psychographically and by price point. Geographic areas will be segmented according to local, country-wide and Canada and sales managers assigned to each markets. The psychographic segments are categorized according to those who are health-conscious, families, and baby boomers as well as senior citizens who have fond memories of popcorn and pretzels as treats while growing up. In addition, segmenting by price points will give IPT the categories of retail, wholesale, and corporate accounts.Pricing to the various segments will reflect high-end cost with retail consumers paying full mark-up, wholesalers receiving a 40% discount off retail pricing and corporate accounts capable of realizing a 25% to 35% discount based on annual sales volume. Retail customers will bring in the most profit per sale, however, sales from the retail sector will ce rtainly be lower than that of those at the wholesale and corporate levels.Positioning of IPT in the marketplace will be first and foremost focused on its products’ quality, uniqueness and variety (snack foods, floral arrangements and gift baskets). The products, many with their origination in Pennsylvania Dutch country, and the patented popcorn coating process are unique and consumers will see them as exotic. Stressing the variety of products offered will capture further shares in the market. Brand management based on this positioning strategy will employ the use of memorable tag lines geared at the various segments such as â€Å"Dutch treat† and â€Å"Healthy indulgence†. To coincide with this brand management philosophy, marketing materials will be consistent in packaging and liberally employ the use of IPT’s newly created, distinctive logo.IPT is differentiated by other, larger, snack food suppliers by offering a more personal touch in customer service . Customers will have several ways of ordering products (phone, catalog, website, retail store) as well as the availability of a dedicated customer service line for any problems that might arise, day or night. IPT’s snack foods are different than other manufacturers, such as Frito Lay, because of their Pennsylvania Dutch origins. This, along with IPT’s unique coating process, allows the company to offer very unique products unavailable at the local grocery store. The modern trends in snack foods are to be organic and healthy while a heavy Asian and Hispanic influence demand that spicier flavors be added to snack foods (â€Å"Snack Food Trends in the United States†, 2006).With the company strengths of local recognition, the patented coating process, the long-term contracts and the addition of other products to its offering, IPT is poised to become a major player in the snack food and retail product market. Only through effective marketing, however, will this be a chieved.Referencesâ€Å"Industry News: Snacks and Sweets Statistics†. Retrieved February 4, 2008 from Fiery Food Website: http://www.fieryfoodscentral.com/zine-industry/sweetstats.html.Kuhn, Mary Ellen (February, 1996). â€Å"The charge of the light brigade†. Food Processing. Retrieved February 4, 2008 from the All Business Website: http://www.allbusiness.com/manufacturing/food-manufacturing/544503-1.html.â€Å"Snack Food Trends in the United States† (2006). American Taste Magazine. Summer edition. Retrieved February 4, 2008 from the American Taste Website: http://www.american-taste.com/AP%20Sm06%20Snack.htm.

Comic Outline

Shays Rebellion brought debates over the constitution. People were fighting about Shays Rebellion because they were unhappy. They were unhappy because they believed they were not getting the freedoms they deserved. Shays Rebellion got Its name after a guy named Daniel Shay. He was a farmer who refused to pay taxes on his land because he believed he should not have to. So, when they came to take it away he put up a fight.Daniel Shay rebelling gave others the guts to stick up for what they wanted as well. This was being discussed In the court because people started to voice their disagreements with The Articles of Confederation since Daniel Shay did. Block 2-After Shays Rebellion This block shows where the next convention took place. There was obviously a problem with the articles. Originally the meeting was to fix the articles, but instead they created something completely different. Block 3-Articles of Confederation The third block represents the constitutional convention and people arguing about whether or not the U.S government should be ran on The Articles of Confederation. It was written so that the united States had rules to abide by and to finally have some of their own law In order. The Articles had many problems with It though, With It congress has no right to tax, they also had no power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, there was no national court system, and several others. Block 4- Virginia Plan The fourth block Is showing representatives of Virginia coming up and having a plan that they believe will solve a ma]orally of the Issues.The purpose of the Virginia Plan was to protect the large states' interests in the new government. Many smaller states disagreed with this. Block 5-Virginia Plan Problems This block represents the problems with the Virginia Plan. Obviously the main Issue which all the delegates could tell right away was the unfair advantage the larger states got. They had this idea that every state would only have two representa tives which was not in the smaller states favor again. Block 6- New Jersey Plan The sixth block has delegates coming up to the stand to speak on behalf of the reports of the New Jersey Plan.In this block It also shows how Connecticut also had a plan yet it was ignored and was not even acknowledged. That is showed by the delegate representing the Connecticut Plan with his hand up yet not being acknowledged. The NJ Plan was brought up after the Virginia Plan, it was a way for the smaller states represent themselves and to also make sure that they got the liberties that they needed. Under the NJ Plan Congress had the power of setting and collecting taxes which some looked as good and others viewed as a negative.Block 7- Problems with the NJ Plan This block continues with the NJ Plan being discussed but people now are beginning to bring up the good and bad points on it, bad Including each state having the same number of representatives. Meaning a small group would have the same number a s 1 OFF possible to pass laws some laws that not all the people would agree with. Block 8- The Great Compromise The eighth block shows The Great Compromise finally being adopted after a week and a half and tons of discussion on July 16th.The Great compromise was a ambition of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan featuring the fact that none of them had enough good things about them for it to be adopted by itself. It can also be known as The Connecticut Plan because while coming up with it Connecticut finally got a voice. Block 9- How Great compromise led to the constitution Well first off it had a big impact on all states. They all agreed that they should have two senators and that they should have an equal amount of representatives. Which was a plus that they finally agreed on that because in both plans they had different opinions on that topic.When it was passed it brought hope and spirit to the people of the U. S. That hope helped to lead the idea of the Constitution. Block 10-The â€Å"Real Revolution† After The Great Compromise being accepted finally it solved several issues and allowed the states to finally have a government that seemed reliable. The Real Revolution was more than the War of Independence. It began before the war with Britain and it lasted until after due to the fact that it was a revolution worth fighting for. So, this block shows people getting along and agreeing happily for the first time in a long time.

Genre Theory

Genre and Science Fiction Genre, as defined by the Oxford dictionary (2010), is â€Å"a style or category of art, music, or literature†. It is a term that is easy to define but hard to understand. The mere division of what one genre is compared to another has been problematic for academics and scholars for centuries. As noted by Robert Allen, genre study has become â€Å"the division of the world of literature into types and naming of those types†.This has led the study of genre to become a more scientific process of comparing and contrasting between texts, until a definitive answer is reached. However, though it is determinable, the overlapping and blur between two or more genres is still apparent. For example, â€Å"science fiction† has become a debacle of over the last 200 years; science fiction has been shifted and shaped, almost a reflection of the context. Previously, science fiction was stereotypically denounced as just â€Å"robots and aliens†.Conv ersely science fiction has much more to offer; renowned authors such as Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, Aldous Huxley and William Gibson have all written texts centuries, and if not, decades ago that have become seminal and central to the genre. In addition, just these authors alone have reflected the transient and fluid nature of the science fiction genre. Considered the first ever science fiction text, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) grounded and laid the pathway for future science fiction texts.Shelley’s text, though ignorantly is just about a mad scientist who creates a monster, holds a much deeper understanding to it. The notion of man’s ability to create a somewhat third kind caused fears around its readers, whereas the contemporary audience can just suspend their disbelief and merely accept what is told or shown to them which highlight the shifting nature of audiences’ ongoing acceptance of new aspects of science fiction.This foregrounding of this new genre led to many authors with comparably yet contrasting ideas over the years which has led science fiction to be still not definitive. Verne’s work represented what was exciting about the age and furthered Shelley’s idea that man’s capabilities were â€Å"infinitely possible† including air travel and deep-sea exploration.Verne’s â€Å"successor†, Wells, reflected his times through presenting the industrial revolution as negative, the ability to time travel as well as this concept of life beyond Earth; almost as a forecaster of greater yet possibly sinister events to come; namely the atomic bomb and space. Science fiction is the â€Å"search of man and his status in the universe† (Brian Aldiss) which mab be on the basis of â€Å"innovation through science and technology† (Kingsley Amis) but most importantly how different generations perceive the world to be and what it could be.

Website evaluation- gizmodo.com vs. engadget.com Essay

Website evaluation- gizmodo.com vs. engadget.com - Essay Example Today, there are many technology blogs in operations, with each one of them trying to meet the needs of its audience. Gizmodo.com and engadget.com are some of the technology blogs that people use to learn of any valuable technological news for their consumptions. After a close evaluation of the two websites, it is evident that both of them show some similarity, as well some differences in terms of quality of design, information, and ease of navigation. Quality of design is an important parameter that evaluators can use to compare two or more websites. When one looks at the two websites, gizmodo.com seems to lack a consistent theme. However, engadget.com has a consistent them in all its pages. The two websites also excels in their usage of pictures. Rather than provide picture that distract the attention of readers, gizmodo.com and engadget.com have photos that blend in with the associated stories. Looking at the two websites, it is clear to notice that engadget.com has a collection of pictures with caption forming the top focal point of the website. This is what must people look at and choose what story they would like to read. On the other hand, the focal point of gizmodo.com is one picture that carries a picture of an article among the top stories of the day. This article keeps cycling to allow other article to be seen by readers. With pictures, the two website have sufficient contrast between text and background making them vis ible to readers. The designers of the websites put the eligibility of all captions into focus when designing the websites. The two websites also stand out on their use of text. With many items having significant length of articles, both websites have their articles segmented paragraphs that users can read with ease. Most important, both websites have their heading places at appropriate positions making their pages consistent with one another. Apart from quality of information, both sites provide various technology blogs and weblogs targeted to technology enthusiasts. After inspecting the websites, one can to identify with the audience based on the content provided. Both sites provide technology related content. Moreover, both gizmodo.com and endgadget.com aim at delivering new and technology related information to its users. With technology being a dynamic and exciting field full of innovation, the websites reason for existence is to disseminate this information to users with variou s interests in technology items. Being that the website's purposes it to disseminate technology news and other latest technology; both websites seemed to be well updated. For instance, both websites carried different stories posted at the same date this review was written. Nonetheless, engadget.com seems to have more information that gizmodo.com. This is because engadget.com has improved weblogs, as well as podcast. These features are not available in gizmodo.com despite its resourcefulness in technology news. After reading the websites, my interest is to experience actual use of these technologies. Surprisingly, none of the two had any errors. Instead, most of all the articles read through displayed a high sense of clarity and grammatical correctness. These attributes are desire of any blog or web blog in order to boost readily and at the same time increase the credibility of the website as a reliable source of information about latest technological development. A well-designed web site provides users with easy navigation as they explore the websites in question. Comparing the two websites, both websites provide users

IKEA marketing concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

IKEA marketing concept - Essay Example The consumer lacks consideration, but the cost of production is considered. It is favorable for goods sold to highly sophisticated customers. (Hilstrich 2000 page 12). The benefits of value-based pricing are the ability to set prices that are likely to attract buyers because of the market consideration. The major challenge for this approach is the extensive need of advertisement to sell the brand name to customers for them to accept its benefits. The profit margin is also extremely low, and it is not easily accounted for entirely. It can also alienate some customers who purchase based on pricing. (Hilstrich 2000 page 24). Cost based pricing benefits ranges from the high profit margins by goal setting by the company. The greatest drawback is the high pricing that may exceed the consumer threshold, which leads to a struggle in the generation of enough volumes for the market. It also ignores the image of the product to consumers and thus lower profit per sale than would otherwise be realized. The IKEA Company uses the value based pricing strategy in the pricing of its products. This is the best pricing strategy that the company uses to provide the home products to its customers. A nonprofit oriented company provides the goods to the market at somehow consumer friendly prices. The company also enjoys a large market and is being exempted from taxation due to consumer consideration during pricing. During the company’s establishment, they used the penetrating pricing strategy by offering lower prices for their products in order to attract the market. This approach made them accrue a larger market around the world. Their production costs were also low because they used the prisoners as their source of labor. With time, they gained momentum in business but continued offering their products at lower prices. They were exempted from taxation due to this undertaking. They did not mostly use the skimming approach though they were a significant competitor in the market. To att ract other companies into the market, they used the skimming approach, which later lowers the prices due to increased supply in the market. The company’s aim is to provide the household products to the market at lower prices. They are exempted from taxation and the profits accrued are shared to the owner at a constant rate. Economic recession forces it to increase the prices as well as the other competitors increase their prices. The economy approach also gets used because the costs of marketing and product promotion are low. The price notations at different times of the year by using offers are common in the company. The power pricing consideration shows that the company determines its prices in relation to the price elasticity of demand. Therefore, an increase in the prices of its products does not decrease the demand of its products. The increase in prices is so low and thus it has a little effect on the demand. Question 2 – on distribution Hilstrich, 2000 states th at vertical marketing is a form of distribution from the producer to the wholesaler, then to the retailer and to the consumer with the aim of targeting a given industrial niche. This is carried out by related businesses that take part in the provision of a given specialized needs. Horizontal marketing is a form of distribution channel whereby many organizations, which are at the same level, join for capitalizing on

Bean and Jerry Ice-cream Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Bean and Jerry Ice-cream Company - Essay Example The company started growing successfully due to some chunky ingredients and some unusual and catchy flavor. It was the scoop style which was adopted by them to sell ice-cream but they had to go for the pint way. By the year 1984 they had already been successful in taking the ice-cream company public in the city of Vermont. They got themselves registered under the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) allowing them to buy stock nationwide. Ben and Jerry were considered as good and old boys from the sixties who preferred conducting their meetings in a festive manner than in the stereotypical way of carry out any corporate meeting. They actually tried to show the masses that their company is not a place where people can work with greatness but it also tries to portrait that they are somewhere socially related as well responsible to the whole community and the society. â€Å"Caring Capitalism† is something which these two young people believed in and they eventually donated aroun d 7.5% of the pretax profit for the wellbeing of the society and for those social causes which included Centro for Better Living and Healing Our Mother Earth. Haagen-Dazs is the largest competitor of Benn and Jerry and the former has always been choosy in while distributing ice-creams. It has always aimed the elite class of the society. The funky image which the latter has shown has drawn attention of the younger crowd with catchy eyes. Their commitment to the society is an honest and an obvious approach. The mission statement of Benn and Jerry is the creation as well as demonstration of new concepts of the corporate for linked prosperity. The mission consists mainly of three parts. Underlying this mission is of course the in determination to seek a new as well as creative concepts and styles for addressing all the new parts, while holding this deep respect in case of every individuals outside and inside the company as well as for all the communities of which they consider themselve s to be a part. The company is operated on the basis of a sound and efficient economic system, which helps them to grow in the future and as well as increase the values of their shareholders on the other hand. The economic structure also aims at improving the opportunities of the workers and also is able to give away reward points. The company is also active in such a way that it is recognized everywhere as well as the important role which the company has in shaping the society locally, nationally and internationally. Underlying this particular mission of the company, Benn and Jerry is the creative and new ways of approaching and addressing all these three new parts, while they also try to uphold deep respect and virtue for each and every individuals outside and inside the company and eventually all the communities of which they consider themselves to be a part. 2. Product Benn and Jerry distribute, make and set all the best quality for the natural ice-creams and the dairy products related to a huge variety of unusual flavors which are made from the dairy product of Vermont. Their product which is super premium ice-cream is rich in the butterfat content that is 12%, where as this content is only 6-10 percent in other ice-dream. While ensuring quality of their product and of course to maintain the good old roots in their own community they preferred buying the creams from the

Healthcare and Business Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare and Business Goals - Essay Example Health care managers are appointed to positions of authority in order to shape the organization by making important decisions (The Hastings center, 2012). On a daily basis, they make and coordinate decisions on recruitment and development of staff, service addition or reduction, allocation and utilization of financial resources, and acquisition of equipment and technology. Their role is to ensure that patients and clients receive appropriate services effectively and timely while focusing on achievement of performance targets (Caldwell, Brexler and Gillem, 2000). Health care services tend to be personal in nature, and its impact tends to be felt by the providers and recipients at a point of delivery. Decisions made by hospital managers reflect on ethical and moral values of the administration since they are subjective in nature and have a key effect on the wellbeing of patients, employees, taxpayers and community, individually or collectively (Ache.org, 2012). The decisions of manager s affect people directly or indirectly in both predictable and unpredictable ways and sometimes raise questions of fairness. For example, a hospital may buy equipment at a premium price, but fail to raise wages of personnel to desirable levels. In a different situation, a hospital can be challenged to rationalize the use of money from patients to pay employees whose work is substandard. In yet another case, expenses may rise, and the administration may want to cut budgets of some departments, whatever decision is made, certain patients are bound to be affected (Wheatley, 2006). It is important for the manager to prioritise the obligation to serve patients effectively. Ethical issues such as those highlighted above should be addressed effectively as negligence leads to errors and potentially costly decisions that are harmful to patients, staff, the organization and the community. Where staff is affected negatively by such decisions; it can result in distress which is known to cause p rofessional burn out and staff turnover (Owen, 1990). The management of a health care organization has the duty to nurture a healthy ethical environment (Morrison, 2011). Good ethics improve employee morale, enhance productivity and improve efficiency of the organization. This in turn, improves customer satisfaction and employee retention. There is a clear link between ethics and quality, a health care organization that fails to meet established ethical bench marks, and standards is not likely to deliver high-quality health care. Conversely, institutions that fail to meet minimum quality standards raise ethical concerns with stake holders (Morrison, 2011). A review of practices in the top ranked health care organizations Managers of health care institutions must Endeavour to adopt quality and system improvement programmes in order to improve care delivery and spread new practices across the system. The transformation process requires a clear and sustained strategy and takes time to implement. For example, Henry Ford Health System, a leading health care institution in excellence has been dedicated to quality improvement and achieving strong financial performance for over 20 years. It has sought to put patients first by exploring needs, improving care and overcoming conflicts between its employees. Therefore, strong leadership is critical to maintaining unwavering focus on improving systems and outcomes

Focus Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Focus Strategy - Essay Example case, when a business decides to venture into a new and unique line of products or services, the initial costs incurred in developing them does not affect the overall returns. This suggests that the consumers may be willing to pay a premium price for the differentiated products and services that will help offset the costs incurred in making the new products. Furthermore, is because the uniqueness of the products and services allows the firm to enjoy a large percentage of the market share, allowing for immediate returns. The results also indicate that the focus strategy in itself is sufficient to generate returns to the business. This view actually contradicts what was suggested by Michael Porter, who claimed that the focus strategy is not sufficient to assure returns to the business. Therefore, a business may decide to use either the differentiation or the focus strategy or both and still be assured of returns in the short and long term. Secondly, it is clear from the article that when a firm explores strategies that represent unique and rare resources, it is likely to gain a competitive advantage. This is based on the idea that the resources cannot be duplicated by the firm’s competitors. Furthermore, such resources cannot be substituted, making it difficult for other firms to match the competition. If a firm makes use of a resource that is possessed by its competitors, it is likely that the competitors will exploit that resource in a similar way, making it difficult for the firm to use it to gain a competitive advantage. This suggests that for a business to use this strategy, it is important to understand the resources that exist in the business and understand how these resources can be made more profitable by either improving them to make them unique or exploring a completely unique set of resources. This calls for a careful examination of the market trends and the needs of the customers. This will help un derstand the unique products and services that can be

Comparing and contrasting agency theory and stakeholder theory Essay

Comparing and contrasting agency theory and stakeholder theory - Essay Example In a corporation the principal are the shareholders, whose agent is the chief executive officer hired by them; thus, the agent is expected to act in the interest of the shareholders. The main challenge is in motivating the agents to increase their productivity to a level they would achieve if they were the owners. Further, one of the key factors of agency theory is that principals and agents have different preferences or goals; and these divergent preferences can be aligned with the help of incentive contracts. Stakeholder theory is to a great extent not a formal, unified theory, but is more of â€Å"a broad research tradition, incorporating philosophy, ethics, political theory, economics, law, and organizational social science† (Solomon, 2007, p.23). Stakeholder theory is underscored by the fact that companies are large and have a far-reaching impact on society; hence they are accountable to many more sections of society than their shareholders alone. A common feature among a ll stakeholders of a company is their participation in an exchange relationship with the company by providing contributions while expecting their own interests to be fulfilled through ‘inducements’. ... has to maintain the support of all of these groups, balancing their interests, while taking measures to ensure that all the stakeholder interests can be maximized over time in the organization. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast Agency theory and Stakeholder theory; and to determine which theory offers the most useful insights into corporate behaviour. Agency and Stakeholder Theories are Based on Essential Moral Principles: of Honouring Agreements and Respecting the Autonomy of Others Firms with high levels of agency may face threats from other firms in the business environment, through the mechanism of the market for corporate control. These assumptions are based on presuming the presence of a functional, â€Å"efficient, competitive environment, in which information asymmetries are minimal, and competitive pressures are high† (Udayasankar, Das and Krishnamurti, 2005, p.1). Agency theory pertains to discussion on moral hazards and agency co sts. Agency theory can only be applied effectively if four moral principles were observed: â€Å"avoiding harm to others; respecting the autonomy of others; avoiding lying; and honouring agreements† (Solomon, 2007, p.25). That is, the principal-agent model would be applicable only if it was based on the setting of these moral principles. Thus, the principle of agent morality stated that only when agents fulfilled their basic moral duties as human beings, could they involve themselves in maximizing shareholders’ wealth. Further, Agency theory is interwoven with transaction cost theory. Both provide different views of the theory of the firm and of managerial behaviour, while using different terminology to describe the same problems and issues. For example, while agency theory confronts moral hazards

How Do Cultures Perceive Colours In Interior Design Essay

How Do Cultures Perceive Colours In Interior Design - Essay Example However, the need to use colours that do not conflict with the cultural practice of client will remain a priority and it must be preserved even amidst the ever changing trends in design. In chapter one, we will discuss the meaning of colors depending on various cultures and circumstances. Every color has different aspects to it and you can only learn the meaning of that color by understanding certain simple concepts about it. In chapter two, we will proceed further to explore how different cultures influence the appearance of interior designs. We will examine various cultures with regard to colour theory. The chapter we will prove that colour choices is the backbone of interior designing and so for designers to incorporate the â€Å"colour factor† and satisfy diverse cultures, they should have the ability to identify and recognise how differently cultures perceive colour. Throughout my research, I found that the definition of colour refers to all visual sensations. Colours can express feelings, ideas and emotions; therefore, people can communicate easily when using them. Designers are supposed to pay good attention to these little details, because whatever design they make should be well portrayed in the countries they are targeting. The wrong choice of colour selection and combination could transform the best designs into a nightmare if it is not perceived in the correct way. (Bratu, 2014) Differ ent cultures perceive colours differently; mostly because of the relationship and meaning that these colours have within that culture. These relationships have been transmitted through the generations, if not even upon hundreds of years. (Karenhaller, 2014). Chapter three, on the contrary, will examine how various restaurants around the globe have embraced the idea of â€Å"colour choice† and â€Å"meaning† in their interior design. It also address the history and

Energy Transfer and Thermodynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Energy Transfer and Thermodynamics - Essay Example rmodynamics  is an expression of the universal law of increasing  entropy, stating that the entropy of an  isolated system  which is not in  equilibrium  will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium. The second law expressed in terms of an entropy change is given as: ΔS ≠¥ 0 (universe). The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that: Every substance has a finite positive entropy, but at the absolute zero of temperature the entropy may become zero, and does so become in the case of a perfect crystalline substance. In a perfectly ordered crystal, every atom is in its proper place in the crystal lattice. At T= 0 Kelvin, all molecules are in their lowest energy state. Such a configuration would have perfect order; and since entropy is a measure of the disorder in a system, perfect order would result in an entropy of zero. Thus, the Third Law gives us an absolute reference point and enables us to assign values to S and not just to ΔS as we have been restricted to do with U, H, A, and G. The molecules of water that make up an ice crystal are held rigidly in place in the crystal lattice. When ice melts, the water molecules are free to move about with respect to one another and to tumble around. Thus, in liquid water the individual water molecules are more randomly distributed than in the solid. The well-ordered solid structure is replaced by the much more disordered liquid structure. 3) Calculate ΔS for the following reaction, using the information in a Table of Thermochemical Data, and state whether entropy increases (becomes more random) or decreases (becomes less random)? Based on entropy changes, do you predict a spontaneous reaction? A reaction that leads to a decrease in the number of gaseous molecules generally leads to a DECREASE in entropy. The entropy change of this reaction is NEGATIVE because the three molecules of gas react to form one molecule of gas. In a Carnot cycle a system, as cylinder of gas, is set  out of

The counselling relationship Essay Example for Free

The counselling relationship Essay An anti-oppressive approach to counselling is essential to establish and maintain an affective working relationship between counsellors and clients. Clients must feel that they can trust their counsellor and that they may share any information without fear of judgment for their opinions, beliefs and values. Anti-oppressive practice enables clients to make informed choices surrounding the direction they wish their therapy journey to take. This essay will explore four areas that are critical to incorporate into professional counselling practice that contribute to the anti-oppressive approach to the therapeutic relationship. The ethical aspects of counselling, the importance of contracting, the importance of informed consent and the role of self-awareness will be examined. These four areas contribute to anti-oppressive practice by ensuring clients rights are respected and upheld and contribute to ensuring that the counselling relationship is beneficial and a useful part of the self-exploration You must Login to view the entire essay. If you are not a member yet, Sign Up for free  process.  Ethical guidelines are designed to encourage ethical behaviour and decision-making and they serve as safeguards to make sure high standards are adhered to by counsellors during the therapeutic sessions. They are guidelines which predominately refer to the rights and responsibilities of both the client and the counsellor during the therapeutic relationship. Ethics highlight the principles of appropriate conduct and behaviour to be adhered to by the counsellor. According to Summers (2011, p. 1), â€Å"ethical principles are the foundation of good human service practice† and it is essential that professionals understand ethical obligations and seek direction when they are unclear. Ethical principles are created to protect and prevent exploitation of clients, provide guidelines and to respect and offer protection for clients therefore contributing to anti-oppressive practice. Counseling level 3 Assignment For this assignment I will be critically evaluating the person centered model of counseling in relation to homosexual people. I will be considering the importance of anti-oppressive and  anti-discriminatory practice when working with this client group. The person centered model of counseling has its origins within Humanistic psychology and the phenomenological approach. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was the founder of the person centered method and he drew his ideas from the humanistic and phenomenological approaches that are also associated with Abraham Maslow (1908-1970). The phenomenological approach is a philosophical assessment of the individual it was developed by Husserl (1975); the focus is on the subjective experience. The method involved requires the professional to suspend their assumptions and interpretation of the clients world. The client is viewed as a unique person and is facilitated to interpret and explore their own experiences and thoughts. Criticism of the use of phenomenology by Rogers as the basis for therapy is highlighted by Eysenck (1998), he states that it is a simplistic approach as much valuable information lies below the level of conscious awareness therefore the value of the subjective experience can be unreliable. Humanistic psychology has an optimistic perspective of human nature and the focus is on the whole person, the aim for the individual is to become what he/she is capable of becoming Rogers (1951) cited in Dryden et al (1989:10). This is also described as self-actualization, a term developed by Maslow to describe the motivating force enabling us to reach our full potential and peak experience. The humanistic approach stresses the importance of the individuals ability to direct their own life, and the counselor using the person centered method should allow the individual to choose their own pace of change and their own values and standards. However these values and beliefs may clash with those of the counselor’s and this can potentially lead to incongruity for e.g. a gay or lesbian person may be in a marriage and not disclose the fact that they are having homosexual feelings or relationship outside their marriage, to their heterosexual partner. In this situation it would be difficult for the counselor not to encourage the client to be honest with their spouse. Palmer and Laungani (1999) state that for effective communication it is essential that the counselor and client have a common set of assumptions and cultural ideology. There are 3 core conditions that Rogers identified, which are essential to a successful relationship between counselor and client, and for a therapeutic change to be facilitated; these core conditions are congruence or genuiness, the acceptance of the client with out judgment or  the provision of unconditional positive regard, and thirdly empathy. One of the core conditions that Rogers identifies is congruence or genuiness, congruence refers to the counselor’s capacity to be a real and genuine person in the counseling relationship. It also requires the counselor to be transparent so that the client can see straight through him/her. However this can be much more difficult than it seems on the surface. For e.g. if the client presents a situation where the professional does not agree with their action or beliefs, and may reserve these, it may be difficult to be honest in such a circumstance, and therefore maintain.

Classroom Discourse Analysis

Classroom Discourse Analysis Classroom Teacher Children What Characteristic patterns of classroom discourse are apparent in the passage below? Context: This discourse takes place in a first-grade classroom in the USA, where the children are approximately 6 years old. The teacher has been reading from a book on hurricanes and tornados. 1. Manuel: Uh, if tornados go to the Antarctica, what the penguin gonna do? 2. Teacher: Oh, you know what*†¦ 3. Male Child: They could go under water. 4. Teacher: Could they go under water? What kind of protection could a penguin have? 5. Bernardo: If there’s enemies // if there’s enemies, how could a penguin go underneath the water if there’s enemies? 6. Teacher: Oh, he wouldn’t want to go underneath the water would he? Well, who’s his enemy? 7. Children: The seal. 8. Teacher: The seals, yeah. Good thinking, questioner, yeah. 9. Children: [several students speaking at once] 10. Teacher: Alright, Manuel had his hand up first. He asked a really important question. He said, ‘well, what can a penguin do if he knows that a tornado is coming’? Wasn’t that your question? 11. Bernardo: No, that was mine. 12. Teacher: Well, together you were kind of talking about it. Now listen. That’s a really good question. Now let’s try to the question†¦ 13. Teacher: Now, I’m going to go over and get a book. In fact†¦ Alejandro, no, Manuel, you go over and get the Emperor penguin book. The one from National Geographic on the table over there. (Adapted from the Shuart-Faris and Bloome, 2004, p. 106). From their beginnings children grow up learning language. This complex learning process is often taken for granted, as babies absorb and begin responding to the language which surrounds them. Bancroft (2007) suggests that these early language developments take place primarily between the dyad, in other words the child and his/her main caregiver (p.14). As children get older they become exposed to, and learn from, a much wider group of people and this helps to develop their ability to use language effectively. While the development of language skills is an on-going process, the children in the example of classroom discourse above have clearly already developed many of the skills essential in spoken language. These children can conform to the basic rules of conversation, such as turn taking and responding to prompts, recognising the teacher as being the initiator and themselves as respondents. They have also already developed enough comprehension of vocabulary to be able to participate in the discourse and have enough language knowledge to behave appropriately within the context of a classroom discussion. At approximately six years of age, these children appear to have already developed some of the skills which Crystal (1995) identified as essential acquisitions for young language learners; an extensive vocabulary, with words such as ‘enemies’ and ‘underneath’ along with comprehension of words such as ‘protection’, and knowledge and use of grammatical structure, such as the sentence formation shown in lines one, three, five and eleven (cited in Bancroft, 2007, p. 5). This discourse, according to Crystal’s (1995) theory, is a reasonably representative example, as he claims that at least three quarters of all grammar is understood by most children by the time they first attend school (cited in Bancroft, 2007, p.5). Sinclair and Coulthard (1975) were the first linguists to describe the structural element of classroom talk, otherwise known as Initiation-Response-Feedback exchange or IRF (cited in Mercer, 2007, p.122). Mercer (2007) explains that IRF exchanges between teacher and pupil are considered to be standard interaction, with the teacher asking questions and the pupil(s) responding (p.122). As a result of their research, Wills (1983) and Edwards (1992) concluded that children quickly become familiar with the use of IRF within the structure of classroom discourse, and will automatically begin to participate in it (cited in Mercer, 2007, p.124). In the transcript above we can see clear examples of IRF; in both lines 4 and 6 the teacher asks direct questions to their pupils. In the first IRF exchange the teacher asks two questions and while the first was a closed question which could be answered by one ‘correct’ answer, by following it immediately with an open question, it would s eem that the teacher was attempting to make the children consider the subject before prompting a discussion. In the second IRF exchange, seen on line 6, the teacher again asks two questions at once, these however are both quite closed questions which indeed are followed by all of the children answering together with the correct answer of ‘the seal’. The most common form of IRF, consisting of closed questions being asked, has received criticism from educational researchers such as Dillon (1988) and Wood (1992) who feel that little opportunity is given for pupils to develop their ability to reason, argue and explain using language (cited in Mercer, 2007, p.123). Mercer (2007) however argues that, by including open questions in these exchanges, IRF can be used positively to shape pupils awareness and help them gain deeper understanding. He concludes that, while he accepts criticisms of IRF, caution must be taken in simply associating language structures, or verbs used in questions, with language functions, the act of asking a question, as what is ultimately more revealing is looking at the context in which these exchanges occur (p.124). A good example of this is a recording on the U211 DVD (2007) of a teacher speaking to secondary school students about a project they were participating in. As we are able to hear this discourse we c an assess the use of tone, intonation and stress patterns, along with the language structure and language function to give a much clearer idea as to the effectiveness of IRF. Throughout this IRF exchange the teacher is encouraging the students to share, and expand on, information about their project, using open questions along with informal, supportive and friendly intonation (Unit 20). Without the ability to hear the classroom discourse exchange in our question, we should acknowledge that we can only make limited judgements as to the mode of IRF used. One aspect of classroom discourse which is not present in our example is that of specialised technical terms. Children in education will inevitably encounter these terms, as Mercer (2007) explains, which come from specific vocabularies of the different subjects within their curriculum. The fact that technical terms are lacking from our example could be due to the age of the children, as pupils will progressively become exposed to, and begin to use, these terms as they go through their education. Mercer notes that the use of this language can be confusing for pupils and easily misinterpreted, with children reliant upon the teachers skill in helping to learn and understand them (p.127). In our discourse example a teacher is present and is initiating, shaping and controlling the conversation. Mercer (2007) however comments on how school based language interaction between teachers and pupils differs greatly to that between pupils only. He suggests that pupils working in groups or pairs without the presence of a teacher tend to make extended contributions to the conversation, are more willing to share knowledge, offer explanations and express uncertainty, probably due to their shared status (p.131). Teachers undoubtedly play an important role in the education of children, however we should consider whether more pupils in our example would have shared their knowledge if they had been discussing the topic without the teachers presence. We can see on lines 7 and 9 more than one child talking at once, firstly to provide an answer to a closed question and secondly in inaudible speech, but besides these there are only two children who offer answers in this, admittedly small section, of discourse. While researching the topic of classroom discourse, Halliday (1985) stressed the importance of a child’s understanding and use of the distinctive register of written English (cited in Mercer, 2007, p.139). Halliday’s theory of functional linguistics was the basis of the development of the genre approach, which recognised that language needed to be used in different ways dependent upon the context or medium for which it was being used (Maybin, cited in Mercer, 2007, p.140). In other words, as Mercer (2007) explains, children need to learn education ground rules, or conventions, in order to recognise and utilize language effectively (p.138). These ground rules include learning specialised words, patterns of classroom interactions and the differences between spoken language and written texts (DVD, Unit 20). Mercer (2007) also acknowledges that rather than these ground rules being directly taught, children will learn them through their teacher’s example and feedback (p.139). In our example we have no written comparison for the transcribed spoken language, and it is therefore difficult to assess just how different the language would be if the children had been writing about tornados rather than discussing them. Maybin (1994) suggests that ‘written genres tend to be more condensed and abstract’ (cited in Mercer, 2007, p.139). In line 5 of our example we can see an example of this, with Bernardo possibly speaking while still determining what it is that he wants to say. Had he been asked to write his question, we would be unlikely to see any evidence of the false start or repetition of the words ‘if there’s enemies’ which we see in his speech, as the ground rules of written language require the thought process to be completed prior to writing. One of the most important points about our example, as mentioned earlier, is with only a written transcript of the conversation it is difficult to be able to fully analyse the discourse. Intonation, rate of speech and facial expressions, also known as paralinguistic features, play an important role in spoken language (Mayor, 2007, p.71), and without knowledge of this we cannot be sure of the rapport between the teacher and their students. We can see clear evidence of IRF in our example, but what we cannot gauge is the extent to which the teacher was engaging and encouraging the pupils. What is clear is that the complete process of learning is extensive, with children developing unspoken rules of language alongside the curriculum. Learning, by example and through the feedback, the ground rules of language – the construction of different forms of language, specialised technical terms and discourse patterns – is just as important as learning specific set information, as wi thout it children would grow up unable to communicate effectively. REFERENCES (2007) ‘English as a classroom language’in Resource and Reference Materials 1, The Open University, p.25 – 30. An A-Z of English, U211, DVD 2. Bancroft, D., with contributions from Gillen, J., (2007) ‘English as a first language’, N. Mercer, J. Swann and B. Mayor, Using English, London, Routledge/The Open University, p.5 36. Mayor, B., (2007) ‘English in the repertoire’, N. Mercer, J. Swann and B. Mayor, Using English, London, Routledge/The Open University, p.43 72. Mercer, N., with contributions from Barnes, D., (2007) ‘English as a classroom language’, N. Mercer, J. Swann and B. Mayor, Using English, London, Routledge/The Open University, p.117 – 142.

Effect of Globalization on the Food Industry

Effect of Globalization on the Food Industry Introduction The food industry is a complex, diversified sector that enhances production, processing and distribution of the food energy consumed by the world’s population. The food industry is among the largest industries in the world because it not only plays a vital role towards everyone’s health but also because it employs billions of people; hence, creating jobs (Maddox, 1994, p, xi). The expansion of this industry emerged few decades ago, after it transformed from a food production industry through agriculture towards a globalized industry that encompassed vast sectors like technology and transport. Therefore, as the world embraced globalization, the food industry did not lug behind. The objective of this paper is to analyze major transformations depicted by the food industry and elaborate how globalization relates to fast food and obesity. More so, the paper will outline the ideological underpinning of the slow food movement and the critics involved. Major transformations that the food industry has undergone in recent years 200 years ago, farmers locally produced food and sold it to the local market. However, the industry has gradually undergone a major transformation in recent years due to globalization and urbanization. This is the case because people no longer live in places where the food grows because globalization has led people to migrate to urban cities. This means that food is currently produced, processed and distributed to diverse populations through the aid of globalization that include biotechnology, technology advancement and the availability of convenient transport (Maddox, 1994, p, xi). The transformation of food industry keeps transforming due to changing lifestyles, demographics, expanding incomes and education levels, which trigger an increase in consumer demands for quality, variety and safety of food. Therefore, diversification of people into diverse demographic locations has led the food industry to find ways of producing, processing and distributing valuable and hygienically packa ged food that meets the consumers’ demands. Apparently, the food industry did an outstanding thing by embracing globalization because food availability has become an easy task. This relevance depicts through the fact that people can now acquire any food of choice at their own convenience because food is within peoples’ reach. Food is found in kiosks, grocers, restaurants and big outlets like the supermarkets. Therefore, globalization enhanced availability of reliable and fast transport that greatly aided the food industry by easing food distribution. The other relevance that food industry transformation triggered is that it improved the way food undergoes packaging (Maddox, 1994, p, xi). Unlike in the past when food had no means of preservation, modern food is hygienically packed and last longer. This means that people can consume packaged food without worrying about health implications caused by poor sanitation or staleness. Generally, transformation of food industry has greatly eased people’s lifestyle by allow ing them to get the food they desire on their own convenience unlike in the past where people had to live within the farming location or travel to the farmers’ markets in order to acquire food. The relationship between fast food and globalization Globalization is the major driver that triggered a fast moving world and the fast food industry is not exempted. This means that the world we live in today has accepted and adapted fast food as part of its food customs. This is a fact because eating traditional food in major cities is becoming a hard task because such places are full of fast food eat-inns (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). Fast food is becoming people’s option due to its availability, convenience and cheap price tags compared to natural food. The other reason that contributes to fast food dominating the food culture is that technology has advanced insistent advertising that succeed in diminishing the natural food culture. The renowned McDonalds food chain possesses distinctive clip adverts that capture unintended appetite. Therefore, globalization not only enhanced diverse modernization but also deconstructed the healthy food culture by turning it from natural to fast food (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). The inte nsity of the relationship between globalization and fast food shows in a developing country like china where its strong traditional food culture is slowly eroding because the Chinese are embracing modernization that encompasses change in lifestyle and food preferences. On another perspective, adaption of fast food through globalization has a major negative effect of health implications to both the developed and the developing countries. The main health complication that fast food fosters is obesity, a disease that has triggered an intensive research and debates from scholars. Scholars have differed in the sense that while others observe obesity as a disease caused by sociological incline, other scholars argue that the disease is hereditary. However, the real fact is that obesity is a disorder where an individual puts on excess weight or gets fat by consuming more food than the body system requires, or consumes food containing high fat and sugar; hence, storing the excess residue as calories. Obesity is creating serious global attention because it rates as the fifth main cause of death in developed countries. Over the past two decades, the epidemic is spreading to the developing countries; hence, becoming a global concern. The food industry is blame d for this disaster because it embraced globalization by improving peoples’ living conditions that ended up eliminating communicable diseases but still fostering non-communicable diseases like obesity by processing fast food that are cheap and available yet full of unhealthy fat and sugar (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). Though cases of filling lawsuits against the â€Å"big food† companies like McDonalds are arising, the concerned parties should broaden their horizons and realize that globalization plays a major role in the pandemic. This is a fact because economic globalization triggers cheap prices, while social globalization triggers lifestyle habits, TV viewing and a fast food culture. Therefore, despite that social globalization contributes a higher percentage in promoting obesity, the Big food companies play the role of distribution to the final consumer; hence, the consumers should play the major part of curbing obesity by consuming healthy food (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). Principles that support the slow food movement Several aspects contribute to the development of the slow food movement but the main phenomenon supporting the movement is food justice. This phenomenon chips in as a result of the movement’s aim of changing peoples’ perception towards fast food and encouraging them to eat natural organic food acquired from farmers’ markets and other producers (Jayaraman, 2013, p, 19). According to the union’s objective, people should shun away from the usual cheap, mass-produced non-organic stuff. A recent speech in TEDx Manhattan, by the movement’s president Josh Viertel depicts how the slow food movement has the potential to turn the fast food phenomenon around by making sustainable agriculture a widely accepted movement. More so, the president looks forward to advocate for Farm Bill education as well as creating slow food eat-ins where people can eat healthy natural food in eating joints within their reach. Despite the entire efforts outlaid by the union and its members, critics still prevails. These critics claim that organic slow food is natural but expensive and convincing people to squeeze out more money to purchase natural food becomes a tussle for the union. Nevertheless, the slow food movement is barely four years old and there is hope that it will manage to reach its goal of killing the fast food culture that has dominated the developed countries (Jayaraman, 2013, p, 19). Conclusion Globalization is an advocate of speed, an aspect that accelerates urbanization, transport system, technology and the food industry. However, despite its positivity in modifying life, it has also brought along damaging effects like the presence of big food companies that end up offering fast food that promote health complications. Despite the presence of anti-fast food movements like the slow food movement, people are yet to embrace natural lifestyles and healthy eating. This leads to the conclusion that the food industry has one remaining transformation phase of learning and embracing nutrition (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 260). Though this phase will negatively affect many big food companies, the obesity pandemic will reduce at a higher percentage. Therefore, the concerned parties should utilize the availability of modern information technology to educate the world on the importance of eating healthy. References Inglis, D., Gimlin, D. L. (2009). The Globalization of Food. Oxford: Berg. Jayaraman, S. (2013). Behind the Kitchen Door. Cornell university press. Maddox, I. (1994). Practical Sanitation in the Food Industry. CRC Press.

Nuclear Tragedy on Three Mile Island :: History Nuclear Essays

Nuclear Tragedy on Three Mile Island The Three Mile Island accident can be attributed to both human error and mechanical failure. This story begins on March 28, 1979 at about four o'clock in the morning. Every thing seemed to be running efficiently down at the nuclear power plant in Three Mile Island. Little did anyone know the catastrophe that was about to occur. The problem started in the secondary loop. There was a slight malfunction, which caused the pumps to shut down automatically. The alarms sounded immediately within the control room. Water pressure and water temperature began to build in the primary loop, because the heat could no longer be transferred to the secondary loop. However, this seemed normal and was no cause for immediate concern. At this point, the pressure relief valve (PORV) had opened automatically and released the steam into a holding tank. The backup pumps, which are located in the secondary loop, automatically turned on. Then, the cut-off valves disconnected the pumps from the system. The operators in the control room still felt that everything was running normal and there was nothing to worry about. Then, the PORV light went out indicating that the valves were then closed; however they were not. The steam and water continued to be released causing a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). The emergency injection water (EIW) was set in motion in the primary loop. The EIW is activated in the case of a LOCA. This did not concern the operators because it had happened before during numerous false alarms. However, they kept their eye on it, and noticed that the water in the primary loop was rising, while the pressure was decreasing. They turned off the EIW, but the water still appeared to be rising. However, that was not the case at all. The water along with the steam was being released through the PORV, without the operators knowing. By this time, over three thousand gallons had escaped from the primary loop. The instrument that checks the level of radioactivity levels was not functioning, so the operators had no reason to suspect a LOCA. The gauges in the control room continued to falsely state that the water levels were up. At this time, two of the four pumps were turned off in the primary loop caused by the amount of pressure from the steam traveling through them. Then, the last two pumps in the primary loop shut off.

As Performance Studies Cross Arts Project :: Drama

As Performance Studies Cross Arts Project In small groups we were given a choice of stimuli such as poems, pictures and ideas. Our group chose the idea of ‘chaos and order’ as our stimulus because we thought that there would be many ideas to develop from this. We spent a lot of time discussing the idea of ‘order and chaos’ - they are opposites - there is never a situation where both occur at the same time yet you cannot have one without the other. Order is the way most people would like things to be, to keep order we use laws and rules so that everything should stay in control, without which there would be chaos. Chaos can be shown in many different ways such as riots or personal chaos e.g. a mental breakdown. There is no order in this kind of situation, if there were to be it would no longer be a riot but a march. We began by drawing out a spider diagram with the ideas we brainstormed about ‘order and chaos’. Using these ideas we decided to base our piece on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as it seem to express the idea of someone keeping order so much, to the point where their life becomes chaotic. In order for us to meet the criteria of this project we decided that we needed to research OCD so that we could base this piece on factual information. Our group gained a lot of useful information from the Internet and books. Fears, worries suspicions and beliefs come into everyday life but when these doubts start to emerge much more excessively e.g. spending hours washing clean hands or driving round and round making sure no road accidents have occurred, these worries start becoming classed as obsessive compulsive. A lot of people who have been diagnosed with this disorder can only describe it as mental hiccups, which cannot be controlled. The cause of OCD is a medical brain turmoil in which people have trouble processing certain information. It is also caused by a ‘weak’ or unstable personality. Usually people with OCD will suffer with certain obsessions as well as compulsions, but in some cases they may only suffer with one or the other. One of our group members new someone who suffered with this disorder quite badly. They had observed this person from the beginning before being diagnosed with OCD. As a group we decided that we could use this person as a basis for our piece. This meant that we had some first hand information on the disorder so we could give our piece some

History of Electricity Essay

Electricity is one of the greatest discoveries of man, this is simply because it brings light and it has open door to so many other discoveries and invention. Men of today actually depend on this form of energy to live and perform his or her basic duties. Machine of today depend mostly on electricity to function properly. Magnetism, which is an aspect of electromagnetism, is considered one of the fundamental forces of nature (Blume, 2007). Those forces are usually produced by the movements of the charges and this has greatly show the influence of electricity on magnetism or vice versa (that is there is a close relationship between the electricity and the magnetism). Since the forces that hold molecules are considered as electrical force hence there is a great relationship between magnetism and electricity. Most discoveries sorrounding electricity is one way or other linked to the influence or the role of magnetism in electricity. Hence the history of electricity can not be fully describe without greatly considering the history of magnetism because they work together. Electricity is also found in human body as a form of very weak electrical signal that help transmit neural impulses from one part of the body to the other. Electricity can be generated and transmited (as indicated in the above scenario) or it can also be converted into other forms of energy such as heat, light, motion, radiation and even different waves such as radioactive wave, sound waves through different natural means or infrastructure or equiptment constructed by man, hence making this form of energy to be versatile. The versatility of electricity can be seen in these perspective in that it can be stored, hence it has been the stronghold of many appliaces and luxuries people cherish. History of electricity The history of electricity dated back to antiquity when the ancient greeks observed the influence of amber whenever it is rubbed, then, it was found to attract small, light objects. These discoveries never really made any impact or meaning to this generation of greeks until about 600 BC when Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus held that amber had a soul within it which is responsible for the attraction that existed between it and the small, light objects. Hence this claims was later documented and even after about 2000 year of that claims and documentation, only little progress was made about the study of the electricity and magnetism. The real study of magnetism and electricity came into limelight about 1600 with the documentation and publication by William Gilbert someone considered as the father of electricity( Bellis, 2008). He then claim to have discover different material having this potential of attracting one another when rubbed together even apart from the magnetism of amber. William Gilbert(1544-1603), is an English physician and physicist who studied at Saint John’s College, University of Cambrige. He was a physician to the queen of Englan. He is known primarily for his discoveries and experiment in the field of electricity and magnetism. During his lifetime he discover various materials that posses the ability to attract, he first use the term electric to describe the phenomenon of attraction that existed between those materials and coined the word electricity, meaning amber in Latin. He first use the following terms; electric force, electric attraction, and magnetic pole ( Microsoft Encarta, 2008). Another important aspect of his great work was the explanation of the term magnetic compass. Before his description of the magnetic compass, Britain sailors depend on the use of the compass to direct their ship to their destination without the understanding of how the compass works. Some even thought then that garlic odour had an effect on the functioning of the compass, Columbus even thought functioning depend on the attraction of the compass by the pole star ( Bellis, 2008). He’s s greatest contribution has been attributed to his study and demonstration on the magnetic nature of the earth. His works was written as â€Å"Of Magnets, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet of the Earth†, a scientific work that was considered as the first scientific work written in England (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). Rene Descarte’s in the year 1638, discover the fundamental law of reflection which states that â€Å"the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection†, he also tried to discover the theory of light by describing light as a pressure in a solid medium. Robert Hooke in 1667 disvover what is now called the Newton’s rings by placing two glass plates together and observing the layer of air between them. He discover that there is formation of a ring of lights, and with this same work he define the matching-wave-front derivation of reflection and refraction. He also develp a theory of color where he describe white light as a simple disturbance and colors as a complex distortion of the basic simple white form. In 1672, the electrical conductivity substance was discovered by the German Physicist Otto von Guer, he also describe the first machine that was capable of producing electric charges. However the conductivity of substances was fully established by the experiments conducted by Stephen Gray about 1729. He also establish the facts that there are conductors and insulators. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin, one of the foremost English Inventors began his experiments with a simple apparatus he recieved from his friends (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). He proposed the notion of positive and negative electrical charges. He suggested the experiments that connect the relationship between lightning and electricity. He also suggest that an erect iron can be placed on a building to draw electricity during storm. The experiments and proposal was published in London and carried out in England and France (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). In 1880, Alessandro Volta of Italy is another major contributor to the development of electricity. His contributions was the develepment of alternating discs made up of zinc and copper element, with pieces of cardboard that was soaked in brine between the metals. The construction generate electricity. This invention made him the first person to build an equipment that can generate electricity practically. his invention was the first battery to be made to generate electric which was later constructed to long distance, in a steady and reliable state. He studied what is termed static spark by experimenting with the atmospheric electricity. He also disprove the theory that electricity came from the animal tissue, but made it known with his experiments that electricity can only be generated by contact of different metals in a fluid enviroment. The unit of electromotive force was named after him â€Å"volt† In 1826, Georg Ohm released two papers stating the mathematical description of electrical conduction in circuits. The thesis was based or modeled of Fourier’s study of heat conduction ( Dept of Energy, 2008). The second thesis propose laws meant to guide or explain results achieved while working with galvanic electricity, one of which was the ohm’s law: a law describing the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. He gave the equation of I=V/R. The law states that â€Å"the amount of steady current through a material is directly proportional to the voltage across the material divided by the electrical resistance of the material† ( Dept of Energy, 2008). Micheal Faraday, lived between 1791-1867. He was a physicist and a chemist. He is besk known for his famous discoveries which include the discovery of electromagnetic induction and the laws of electrolysis while the greatest of all his inventions was that of electric motor. He also describe and establish the principle sorrounding the dielectric substances indicating that those materials have different and specific inductive capacities. His role in the electromagnetism is one of the most important because induction can be made to generate electricity. That indicate the clear dependency between magnetism and electricity. The discovery was all about the generation of electricity in a wire by means of magnetism of another wire. He design and created the first electric transformer by the use of the induction ring. These creations led to the design of modern electric motor, electric generator and transformers. His researches also extend to the discovery of the fact that plane polarized light passing through some kind of glass can be made to rotate by the influence of magnetic field. He also proved and established that electricity induced from a magnets while voltaic electricity can be produced by a battery and static electricity are all the same ( Bellis, 2008). Charles Brush who lived between 1849 and 1929 made some contributions to the electromagnetic world. He’s an American and also a great industrialist. He produced the first commercially successful arc lamp, the influence of which was attributed to be a driving force behind the growth of electric lighting industry in America. He further experiment with magnets and invent dynamo, a machine that works on energy conversion principle by converting mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy. He demonstrated the first street lighting and also pioneer the production of modern generator. Thomas Alva Edison invented lightbuld in the year 1879. He is considered as one of the greatest inventors of all time because he invented different machines and equiptment ranging from electric bulb to phonograph and motion picture camera. He also created incandescent light based on the principle of energy conversion. As a result of his role in the electricity discoveries and invention, he seek to create an efficient and modern way of electricity distribution to various homes and offices. George Westinghouse made a perfection of the automatic electric block signal and help developed the first alternating current. He also identified the efficient method of transmitting clean natural gas to each homes. He’s contribution came about the year 1885. Conclusion After the 19 century discoveries, there has been great and tremendous discoveries in the electromagnetic world. The use of electricity has remain inevitable to our lives and this dependency was as a result of the various discoveries that had existed for years. Our future as man will continue to depend on the electricity, even as new discoveries are being made by scientists and researchers. The recent trend of discoveries being the use of solar energy to power up all our daily need. No matter how advancements technology is going to be in the future we and our enviroment will still depend on the influence of electromagnetism as the power behind our back.

Allerca cat

Creates truly unique products—the world’s first scientifically proven hypoallergenic cats. Genetically engineered, the medium sized ALLERCA GD cat weighs 10-15 pounds and is fully mature at age three. According to ALLERCA, the cats have long life expectancies and possess sweet and affectionate dispositions. For a price of about $3,000, you receive a 12-week-old kitten, complete with all shots and vaccinations, an embedded microchip identifier implant, and a one-year guarantee. Customers purchase kittens over the Internet and must pay approximately $1,000 for processing and transportation.The high shipping cost occurs because commercial air shipping is stressful to the animal; therefore, the kitten travels in a specialized private jet courier. According to ALLERCA, the current wait time for the ALLERCA GD kitten is approximately two years. Potential buyers may reduce their wait times to just a few months by paying $2,000 for one of the few kittens in the Premium Placemen t Program. This product is sold over the Internet. How can ALLERCA use Internet advertising technologies to reach its target market? (Visit the Internet Advertising Bureau at www.iab. net to learn about recent technologies. ). What might be the main objectives of advertising and pubic relations for ALLERCA and what factors will affect ALLERCA’s decision about its advertising and PR budgets? In addition to Internet marketing, what other advertising media and PR tools would you choose for promoting ALLERCA and its unique products? It is very important to identify the target market. The Allerca GD cats have a lot of benefits for the users including:- 1. They do not cause allergy as induced by other cats2. They could be beneficial to individuals with health problems such as asthma, psoriasis, skin rashes, etc, and who love cats. Such individuals who may be advised by the doctor not to keep cats in their homes may now do so without any health concerns 3. The life expectancy of suc h cats are longer 4. these cats are sweet and affectionate compared the generic ones 5. It is easier to identify these cats as they have a microchip embedded beneath their skin 6. The cats are free of disease and infections as they are vaccinated 7.The cats can be purchased over the internet and hence the customer does not have any hassle of going to the buyer and purchasing the cat 8. the Customer gets a guarantee that the cat is genetically modified and has the characteristics claimed to be possessed 9. The animal is given the best treatment as it is not transported by road or air cargo 10. The customer would get the cat earlier if needed a nominal amount is paid The internet strategy of reaching the target audience forms an important part of marketing in order to be successful. The first important step would be to identify the target market.Invariable the organization should involve this in their marketing plan. IF an individual who suffers from a medical condition such as asthma , and is also a feline-lover, he would be searching the electronic media (including radio, TV and the internet) of ways in which he could fulfill his desires. Hence, it important to the organization to identify the exact media that potential customers would be looking in so as to obtain the cats. Any ads placed by the company would be effective only if they reach the customers and match their interests.The company should also be aware that for any advertisement it would be placing in the media, a greater percentage of people would be noticing the ad but not responding to it. Hence, it is very important to have an ad which would catch the attention of the potential customers, who would also be ready to bear the costs of buying the product. One method of doing this would be to have repeated advertisements on the internet, in order to create awareness amongst the audience. Besides, the company should also focus on educating the customer.Such customers would potentially get motivated at purchasing the product (Search Engine Optimization and Beyond, 2008). One important point to not of the internet is that it is a very large means of communication and any advertisement that would be inserted would reach each and every corner of the globe. This does not make life any easier for the manufacturer as he has to search the global market for potential customers. Online survey sites are not able to provide details of the demographics and the type of customers that would be available at specific positions on the internet.Many companies are trying to map their customers on the internet, more often without much success. This is because many people who use the internet consider it to be a very unsafe place, prone for abuse and misuse, and hence may not be willing to give out their personal details. One way of reaching potential customers would be to have advertisements on websites that the target audience is identified. Newsletters that serve to help people needing appropriate products could also be utilized as a source of advertisements and educating the potential customers.Many of the online newsletters seem to have a good customer base, and involving the company producing these newsletters would be very effective in marketing the product over the internet. The company could also help the customers further by asking them their email addresses. Online forms placed at relevant websites could also be utilized by the company and would seem a more genuine and effective approach by the customers. Once the customer gets in touch with the company, a greater amount of interaction, clearing doubts, etc, is required.Online tracking services also seem to be a good approach by the company. If a visitor to the company’s website is having a doubt, then an online chat tool with the company executive could help to clear further doubts. This process is known as ‘web casting’. Besides this, forums, online communities, bulletin boards, etc, help the pe ople in search of getting a particular product or service from the right manufacturers (Search Engine Optimization and Beyond, 2008). Allerca would be having several objectives when it comes to marketing their product. These include:- †¢ Brand-building campaign†¢ Creating interest amongst the general public and the target market †¢ Providing information – in the form of education and awareness campaigns †¢ Creating demand for their product †¢ Reinforcing their brand (Know This, 2008). Some of the information that should be present in the advertisement include:- †¢ Information of the product †¢ Information of the price †¢ Information about other promotions †¢ Information about distribution of the product (Know This, 2008). Allerca could consider using e-mail marketing for their product. This is a very cost-effective form of marketing their products.However, studies have shown that more than 40 % of the people who utilize the interne t would ignore an advertisement sent to their email. Consumers need to know that the email being sent to them is safe and is from a genuine organization. Physical email could also be considered by Allerca but this may be costly and a difficult affair as the address of thousands of potential customers need be obtained from the right database. Studies in certain parts of the world suggest that newspaper and magazine advertisements would be one of the right ways of supplementing online advertisements.More than 34 % of the people in a survey felt that direct email was a mean of communication in which a relationship could be maintained, whereas 30 % felt that newspaper advertisements could help bring about a relationship (Tedeschi, 2001). Some of the PR tools that Allerca could consider utilizing include community relations activities, social marketing, event sponsorships and awareness campaigns. Event sponsorship seems to be an effective PR tool in this case. During the conductance of a relevant event, Allerca Company could create some awareness in the target audience though sponsorships and awareness campaigns.The target audience would be brought face to face with the manufacturer during this program. The company executives could realize the expectations of the company. Accordingly they could enter into contract with the consumer or consumer groups. The company would also get an idea of the competitors that may be present. The company can now begin to develop a strategy of competing with other companies. The company could hand out pamphlets, booklets and other material to the audience to ensure that they are educated about the product.It is also important for the company to follow-up with the potential customer after the event (Full Circle Associates, 1999). References: Full Circle Associates (1999). PR Tools and Techniques, Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from Full Circle Associates Web site: http://www. fullcirc. com/rlc/commrelationstips. htm Know This (2008). Prin ciples of Marketing – Setting the Advertising Objective, Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from Know This Web site: http://www. knowthis. com/tutorials/principles-of-marketing/managing-the-advertising-campaign/1. htm Search Engine Optimization and Beyond (2008).Identifying And Reaching Your Target Market, Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from Search Engine Optimization and Beyond Web site: http://search-engine-optimization-and-beyond. com/Customer-Centric-Website-Developement/Identifying-And-Reaching-Your-Target-Market. htm Tedeschi, B. (August 6, 2001). E-Commerce Report; online businesses are supplementing their fleet e-mailings with an old warhorse: direct mailings. Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from The NY Times Web site: http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9501E5DF113CF935A3575BC0A9679C8B63

The Brandenburg Gate Speech

Speaker’s Relationship with the Audience: The Brandenburg Gate Speech Ronald Reagan, the former president of the United States from 1981 to 1989, spoke in the Brandenburg Gate. Ronald Reagan gave his famous â€Å"Tear Down this Wall† speech in Berlin. Many people in Germany were ready for freedom and others wanted it as well. Many people felt there should be peace within the city. Ronald Reagan wanted to persuade the Soviets and Communists that change and openness was a great thing. Ronald Reagan’s speech was a sort of challenge to Gorbachev, to tear it down as a symbol for increasing freedom. We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace.President Ronal Reagan’ speech tried to persuade German people to believe that the unification of Berlin was possible, he achieved this through the use of one main rhetorical tool: the speaker’s re lationship to the audience. This tool used German quotes, the identification of shared ideas, the exaltation of cultural qualities, the distinction of political group, and the classification of groups into a political stream to persuade.Historical Background: The Brandenburg Gate The Brandenburg Gate, was built in 1791. It stands as Berlin’s arch of triumph. From 1961 to 1989 the Berlin Wall blocked the Brandenburg Gate. The wall divided Germany into two zones of ideological contention and political distrust during a time known as the Cold Was. The United States and its allies administrated West Germany; East Germany was under the control of the USSR. West Berlin was administrated by a group of allies, but was closely aligned with West Germany, which had its own government. Easter and Western Germans were denied access through the gate.On the twenty-second of December 1989 after 28 years of division. East and West Berlin were reunified and the gate was reopened. Two years bef ore the Gate was reopened, Ronald Reagan spoke in front of the Brandenburg Gate. In his speech he tried to persuade the German people to believe that the unification of Berlin was possible. He used the â€Å"wall† as a metaphor in describing oppression. Speaker’s relationship with audience through German quotes Ronald Reagan was able to build a relationship with the audience, German people, through the use of German quotes.At the beginning of his speech he communicated how he felt welcomed in Berlin and how there was a connection between him and the place. He said, â€Å"You see, like so many Presidents before me, I come here today because wherever I go, whatever I do: â€Å"I still have a suitcase in Berlin†. Comment that he said the phrase in German alsoThe connection between the place and feelings made possible that the German audience felt that there was a relationship between them and the speaker.It made feel the audience that he could understand for what they were going through at that time. President Ronal Reagan made them feel important showing them by â€Å"I still have a suitcase in Berlin† that he was going to help them to overcome that oppression by tearing down the wall. he’s not going to Moreover, the mention of an important political position like being the president of the United States, demonstrated authority showing them that even though he was in a place where he was a foreigner in Berlin, he still could help them.The importance of Berlin as a place that had politically disputes, and later on, the attribution of some qualities to this place by a foreign actor gave importance to Berlin and encouraged empathy toward German people. Speaker’s relationship with the audience through the identification of shared ideas Having a feeling of unity and understanding, Ronald Reagan moved into a political idea that was well supported by German people given the previous feelings of agreement.He used his speaker re lationship with the audience to propose the concept of a unified Berlin, and then he highlighted this idea in German words: Our gathering today is being broadcast throughout Western Europe and North America. Though the command, â€Å"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall,† was to become the rally cry of western civilization, the wall actually had little to do with President Reagan's purpose. The President was there to market the American way of life.He may have put his vocal emphasis on this now famous demand, but it was the more subtle enticements that President Reagan held out to the unseen listeners, trapped behind that wall, that were the catalysts for its destruction. President Reagan says: â€Å"Today in West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany busy office blocks, fine homes and apartments, proud avenues, and the spreading lawns of parkland. Where a city's culture seemed to have been destroyed, today there are two great universities, orch estras and an opera, countless theaters, and museums.Where there was want, today there's abundance-food, clothing, automobiles-the wonderful goods of the Ku'damm. † To those on the other side, the east side, it must have sounded like a beautiful world. Those behind the wall were caught in the endless cycle of poverty, and the hunger and anger it generates. Those behind the wall were controlled by a totalitarian government, and brutalized by suppression. It was to these people that President Reagan spoke. They were his targets. Then he continued speaking â€Å"in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history.In the Communist world, we see failure. Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity. † After he has described the affluence of West Berlin, the President shows a picture of life in the Soviet Union. And that is when he slips in the subtle suggestion that would, most assuredly, occupy the collective consciousness of the oppressed: â€Å"Freedom leads to prosperity. â€Å"Freedom is the product, prosperity the benefit†.Reagan made German people feel that the unification was a German idea; a hope that prevailed in the public opinion even while the political division existed. One Berlin was mainly a German desire, and something that foreign political friends supported. Thus, his ideas as a speaker were sustained because of this link with the audience. He also expressed the relationship through the media. Reagan maintained the German people from the East and West were linked through modern devices of communication and that in spite of ideological contention they were united in hope.All were gathered hoping to see the Brandenburg gate opened and Reagan’s ideas fulfilled. Speaker’s relationship with the audi ence through the exaltation of cultural qualities Emphasizing his relationship with the audience, Reagan asserted that despite the adverse political conditions there were chances to have a unified Berlin. Past political, economic, and cultural recovery opened opportunities to believe that a future unification was possible. He emphasized that the positive attitude of the German people forecasted better political conditions that ultimately would consolidate and unify Germany.From devastation, from utter ruin, you Berliners have, in freedom, rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth†¦ Now the Soviets may have had other plans. But my friends, there were a few things the Soviets did not count on: â€Å"Berliner heart, Berliner humor, yes, and a Berliner Schnauze. † The specific mention of German characteristics, associated with cultural behaviors and ideas, like humor, made German people believe that there was a connection between the speaker and th e hopes that he had about Germany. Reagan’s audience saw a normal human being: They saw themselves and friends.The manner, in which he speaks, as friends do, gives the German people a sense of fraternity. President Reagan was the most powerful man on the planet. He was a man that could speak and declare this truth, and he was a man that could encompass genuine humanness: Intimidating and stern to the enemy; relatable, and redeeming to his friends. Although President Reagan was an American, he has the ability to relate to the German people almost by becoming one. His reasons for coming to Germany are not only to perform his job, but for other, more selfish and human reasons.Reagan remarked how Germany was a country that emerged from adverse political, economic, and social conditions and became a productive and competitive nation. In this way, not only did he create a connection between the audience and himself by recognizing their characteristics, he also used this relation to suggest that current present characteristics would change the political conditions of the future. He created a relationship between the audience and himself by suggesting that Germany would pass through unfavorable political conditions.The Conclusion: Evaluating Reagan’s Persuasive Achievement Ronald Reagan persuaded the Germans in 1987 using a principal rhetorical took: the speaker’s relationship with the audience. President Reagan’s speech was greatly successful. Establishing his purpose and duty, becoming the friend to the oppressed and free. He used German expressions that put him in a position of understanding and cooperation with the Germans. He exalted German cultural behaviors, like people’s willingness to work, in orders to gain common ground where political ideas about the unification would have been accepted.He explained how foreign countries supported a future where Eastern and Western Germany coexisted as one. This understanding created a de fined identification of one political group and the possibility of acceptance of the ideas of that group. This group was the West, and Reagan was its speaker; he persuaded people to believe that the unification of Germany was possible. It is difficult to evaluate the exact degree in which Reagan persuaded German people to believe that the Brandenburg Gate would be opened again.

Global Marketing Essay

Sinar Sosro Private Limited is the first company that introduced bottled jasmine tea to the public in Indonesia in the year 1940. The family started their business in Central Java, Indonesia which then expanded their market to Jakarta, Indonesia. Initially, the jasmine tea was brewed on the spot and served to the consumers. However, after they expand their market to Jakarta, they realize that the consumers find the tea that was brewed on the spot find the drink is too hot to be consume. Thus Sosro come out with a new strategy, the bottling system. In 1970, they came out with the first design of the bottle where tea was pre-brewed and bottled when it was cooled down and thus sell it to the consumers. The design of the bottle changed again in 1972 and 1974, which the latter design was used till now. Today, there are 4 different products which are under Sosro Logo. They are Bottled Sosro tea, Sosro Fruit tea, Sosro Teabag and Sosro Joy Green Tea. In addition to the local market, Sinar Sosro had also penetrated to the overseas market mainly by exporting their products in Tetra Pak and can packages to several countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalan and several countries in the Middle Eastern countries, Africa, Australia and United States. In this report, I will be investigating and analyse the opportunities exist in Singapore for Sosro brand product which is the Sosro Teabag which comes from Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SINGAPORE Singapore is known as one of the best country in the world for having the suitable environment for business. Located at the crossroads of the international trade routes, it is a constant top choice by multinationals organization to invest their money in. Singapore is known as a multi-cultural country with its diverse ethnic group, thus the varieties of cuisines are always in need. Food and Beverage business is one of the major business in Singapore and there is always a market for investors under this sector. Below, we will be analyzing the environment of Singapore and it is chosen to be the destination of the product. GEOGRAPHIC Located in the central of South East Asia, Singapore has one of the major advantages in doing business through their sea routes. The availability of the international and domestic transportation as well as the natural seaport had allowed Singapore to be one of the important hubs in the international trading. Changi Airport, the international airport of Singapore allows the country to connect with more than 180 countries in the world. This location allows them to easily access to all the premier Asian market. SOCIO-CULTURAL / PEOPLE With a population of more than 4 million people including expatriates, Singapore is a densely populated island with different races of people living harmoniously together. The people are the main drive behind most of the government decisions which aim to provide a better life for the people. With a population growth rate of 3. 1% in 2009, the literacy rate of the population comes up to 95% in total contributes to the economic boom in Singapore. The increase of the population plays a major part in the increase of the demand especially in the manufacturing field. Singapore is a knowledge based country, thus explained the highly educated people in the country. According to the Labor Force Evaluation Measurement report, Singapore has the best labor force in the world. Many of them have high productivity, technical proficiency, work hard and work smart culture. With professionals coming from all over the world, they bring extensive knowledge and professional expertise as well as experience which also contributes to the welfare of Singapore. The distribution channels for the food and beverage industry in Singapore can be divided into two main sectors. They are through retailers (includes wet markets, shopping malls, and supermarkets) and food services (e. g. hotels, restaurants, airlines). When it comes to distributing the products, many of them are controlled by local suppliers and their agents. Many of the channels prefer to purchase the products directly from the suppliers if they have large order quantity, for example, NTUC Fairprice and Cold Storage. However, for those who have a smaller order quantity will purchase their products from reliable suppliers. INFRASTRUCTURE Constant upgrading of the country’s infrastructure, Singapore remains as one of the most sought after country by investors to do their business. It is also ranked as Asia’s top convention city which had hosted some of the world’s most prestigious events. Depending on the size or nature of the business, investors can choose to set up their operations in an industrial/business park, own establishments or move into a readily available commercial buildings. As it is a technology savy country, Singapore tries to use technology to build up their efficiency and approximately 99% of the population have access to internet broadband network. POLITICAL / LEGAL Singapore political system is one that depicts laws, decides priorities and sets regulations using a rational and pro-business approach. It have a vision of bringing the country to the front line of the industrialized nations with its stable and orderly government. Singapore government emphasizes its efficiency and effectiveness in every walk of life. As it is run with integrity and transparent, investors can set up their business in an efficient manner without any hassle, bureaucratic delays or the need to pay corrupt officials. According to World Bank’s report, Singapore is rated strongly for government effectiveness, regulatory quality and control of corruption. Singapore government reviews their policies and programmes and takes extreme measure to restore their economy back to stable as quickly as possible if they come upon economic crisis. Development of Singapore laws reflect and awareness of the need to recognize and accommodate the investors with their current international business and commercial practices. As there are clear-cut laws regarding working hours, minimum wages, industrial protection and taxation, Singapore makes an attractive place for investors to set up and operate their businesses. ECONOMY One of the major reasons of doing business in Singapore is the economic factor. Being a member of ASEAN (Association of South East Asia) and FTA (Free Trade Agreement) allows Singapore to be of the best destination to do their business. As part of the member of FTA, Singapore had signed an agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme on 28 January 1992 which aims to eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers in the region. Other than Singapore, countries who are part of the ASEAN had also signed the agreement. Investors also enjoy a range of benefits such as preferential access to certain sectors, attractive tax regime, liberal immigration policies and intellectual property protection. Taxes are always an important factor that all investors take into consideration. One of the unique advantages of Singapore is that they have low corporate taxes. Companies that earn profit up to SGD 300,000 are imposed with 9% tax and it is capped at 18% for the amount more than that. Furthermore, Singapore follow a single-tier tax policy which means investors will be able to receive dividends tax free. In order to move away from direct taxes, Singapore government have adopted a more broad based consumption tax which is known as Goods and Services Taxes (GST) which is 7%. Intellectual Property Protection is taken seriously in Singapore. Investors or companies are able to register their trademarks in Singapore and also to apply for global trademark registration. In order to promote their economy, Singapore government had also established few programmes which is to assist investors to improve the efficiency and explore new opportunities. The availability of loans, grants and tax incentive as well as equity financing gave many investors the reason to invest in Singapore. COMPETITORS As all the information above mentioned, we know that the industry of food and beverage in Singapore is a thriving business. Thus there are many companies that brought in their products to the country. In the current market, there are many competitors that bring in their product. Using our product as a category, we have tea brands such as Lipton, Dilmah, Twinnings, Boh Plantations tea and many others as our competitors. CONCLUSION After analyzing the environment of Singapore, we realize that there are many opportunities that can be explored by the company for our products. With the correct strategy and right marketing strategy, we will be able to have a competitive advantage against other competitors and put our brand to the front. Looking at the economy of Singapore and how the government made decisions with the pro-business attitude, we believe that Singapore will be a good choice of location to invest the product. REFERENCES 1. EDB Singapore (2009), Singapore Facts and Figures, July 24 2010 http://www. fta. gov. sg/benefit. htm 2. FTA Singapore (2008), Benefits of FTA, July 24, 2010 http://www. fta. gov. sg/benefit. htm 3. Focus Singapore (2009), Business Opportunities, July 27, 2010 http://www. focussingapore. com/singapore-industry/business-opportunities. tml 4. Guide Me Singapore (2008), Advantages of Doing Business in Singapore, July 25, 2010 http://www. guidemesingapore. com/business/c643-singapore-business-setup-benefits. htm 5. Kotabe, M. and Helsen, K. (2008) Global Marketing Management, John Wiley and Sons Inc. United States of America 6. Sosro (2008), Company Profile, July 23, 2010 http://www. sosro. com/sejarah-bisnis. php 7. Statistics Singapore (2007), Latest Data, July 24, 2010 http://www. sing stat. gov. sg/stats/latestdata. html