How successful is Dickens in his presentation of female characters? :: Free Essay Writer

How successful is Dickens in his presentation of female characters? There argon many female characters in Great Expectations, but most of them are quite incidental and of no great significance to the plot. Some of them however are essential to the story and play a large part in the plot. devolve Havisham, combined with Estella are the people who are the snobby influence in Pips life, they seem to become desirable characters to Pip after he meets them for the number 1 time at Satis house. Their values do battle with his consume at the end of chapter 9 the values that Miss Havisham and Estella have introduced to him, and Joes humanistic values that he has grown up with. Questions have been raised over whether Miss Havisham and Estellas are believable as actual characters. Miss Havisham can be described as over-dramatised as a decaying part of a decaying house where time has been suspended. She is calculated and spiteful almost to unrealistic odds. There is also a hint of witchery i n her character, evident in chapter 29 where she tells Pip to dear Estella If she tears your heart to pieces - and as it gets older and stronger, it will tear deeper - love her, love her, love her................it could not have sounded from her lips more like a curse. This passage, where Miss Havisham is charged with almost a sexual energy, is quite frightening to the young Pip. She has created Estellas to wreak her own revenge on men, and is successful in this, but in the process becomes devoted to Estella herself, and then feels pain when Estella cannot return her feelings as she has been rendered heartless by Miss Havishams upbringing. The fact that she shows remorse at the end of the book gives her character an added depth, and therefore most people feel she becomes more realistic. She is a victim of her own creation, and a figure of pity. We first meet Estellas as a quite nasty child, very aware of how her class makes her better than most people. She enjoys Pips pain and hum iliation when he visits Satis house, and enjoys putting him down due to his labourers hands and coarse boots. In the true style of a young lady of her class of the time she is sent oversea to a finishing school, and returns to her dbutante in London, once again meeting Pip.

Sex and Gender Essay -- Anatomy Papers

Sex and Gender Arianna Stassinopoulos wrote in the 1973 book The Female Woman It would be unavailing to attempt to fit women into a masculine pattern of attitudes, skills and abilities and disastrous to force them to suppress their specifically female characteristics and abilities by keeping up the pretense that in that respect are no differences between the sexes (Microsoft Bookshelf). In her statement we see a cultural womens liberationist response to the dominant liberal feminism of the 1970s. Liberal feminism de-emphasized gender differences, claiming that women were the equals of men and that this would be obvious if only they were offered the same opportunities as men with no special privileges necessary. On the other hand, cultural feminists such as Stassinopoulos claimed that womens unique perspective and talents must be valued, intentionally emphasizing the differences between men and women. A third type of feminism, post-modernism, is represented in Sexing the Body by An ne Fausto-Sterling. Post-modern feminism questions the very origins of gender, sexuality, and bodies. According to post-modernism, the emphasis or de-emphasis of difference by cultural and liberal feminists is meaningless, because the difference itself and the categories difference creates are social anatomical structures. Fausto-Sterlings post-modernism, however, depicts this social construction in a unique manner she attempts to illustrate the role of science in the construction of gender, sex, and bodies. In doing so she discusses three main ways in which science aids in the social construction of sex first, new surgical technology allows doctors to literally construct genitalia second, socially accepted biases take the way scientists design, carry out, and analyze ex... ...heories of performing gender to make this point, Fausto-Sterling is able to point to concrete scientific experiments and explain where they go wrong. And one can close down from Fausto-Sterlings book that not only do we do gender, we also do sex and bodies as well. Works CitedButler, Judith. Performative acts and gender constitution An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory. 1998. Excerpt from K. Conboy, N. Medina and S. Stanbury, eds. Writing on the Body Female Embodiment and Feminist Theory (401-17). NY Columbia University Press, 1997.Fausto-Sterling, Anne. Sexing the Body Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. NY Basic Books, 2000.Stassinopoulos, Arianna. The rude(a) Woman. Sexing the Body Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. Entry found under gender. Microsoft Bookshelf 2000. CD-ROM. 2000.

Half Brothers - How far can you sympathise with Helen, Gregory, William :: English Literature

Half Brothers - How far can you sympathize with Helen, Gregory, William Preston and the narrator of the tale? How does Elizabeth Gaskell guide your response? HALF BROTHERSHow far can you sympathise with Helen, Gregory, William Preston andthe narrator of the tale? How does Elizabeth Gaskell guide yourresponse?Out of all of the vulcanized fibers in the fabrication, I think that Helen andGregory are the two that are easiest to sympathise with. WilliamPreston is a harder character to sympathise with. The way thatElizabeth Gaskell portrays these characters in the tale, is a greatinfluence on these thoughts.From beginning to end, Helen seems to have led a rattling(prenominal) tragic aliveness. Thestart of the story consists of a very(prenominal) depressing amount of death andpoverty and this could trigger a sympathetic reaction from the reader.After three years with her first husband, he dies of tuberculosis andleaves her with a young child, barely able to walk and many burdenssuch a s a lease on their farm that she is stuck with for another quaternionyears. As if that wasnt enough, half of the stock on the farm wasdead and the rest had to be sold to deal with more pressing debts.All this made her life very difficult as there was no immediate sourceof income. The way all of this information is provided to the readeris also a reason for the quantity of generosity generated for Helen. Allof these tragic events in Helens life are included in one singlesentence. This gives the reader the impression that all these eventshappened within a very short time of each other. This would generateeven more sympathy for Helen.Immediately after this one, massive sentence full of tragedy, andfinancial problems, Elizabeth Gaskell reveals that Helen is expectinganother child. Here, a lot of emotive language is used, like sad andsorry that trigger sympathy. Terms like lonesome dwelling are alsoincluded. This suggests that Helen leads a very lonely, sad life. Withwinter approaching , Helens future looks very bleak. At this point,Helens sister Fanny goes to stay at the farm to keep her companyand help out. They planned ways to make money and for a short time,Helens life began to look up. However, soon, Helens daughter tookill of scarlet fever and within a week, she died. At this point, Helenwas described as stunned by this blow. The fact that Helen did not foretellalmost gave the impression that Helen was so used to death that shehad been hardened by past experiences.

Eye tracking techniques improve aircraft simulators :: essays research papers

A simulated flight environment for pilot readiness may soon be made more realistic through the use of eye-tracking technology developed by researchers at the University of Torontos Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IMBE). Many safety and appeal benefits are obtained by training aircraft pilots under simulated conditions, but to be effective the simulation must be convicingly realistic. At present, th e training facilities use large domes and gimballed projectors, or an array of video screens, to display computer-generated images. But these installations are very expensive and image resolution is low. Further, it would take an enormous step of addi to improve image quality significantly throughout the whole viewed scene. However, based on the visual properties of the eye, realism can be obtained by providing a high-resolution area of interest insert within a large, low-resolution field of view. If the image-generating computer knows where the pilots fixation is, it mage there. The technology to hold up this possible was developed by a research team headed by Professor Richard Frecker and Professor Moshe Eizenman. The work was carried out in collaboration with CAE Electronics Ltd. of Montreal with financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Their eye-tracker can record and hit the books accurately up to 500 eye positions per second. The system works by means of capturing and touch on the reflections of a low-level beam o f camouflaged infra-red light shone onto the eye. Multi-element arrays capture the image of the eye and digitize the information, which is then processed in real time by a fast, dedicated signal bear on unit. The difference in position between the ligh tre of the pupil reveals the instantaneous cathexis of gaze. Developments by the IBME team have significantly increased the speed of signal processing in addition to enhancing accuracy of eye position estimates. Eizenman believes that "th ese improvements make our eye-tracker very effective in monitoring the large G-force environment where the pilot tends to make larger eye movements because of contraints which exist on movements of his head". In a new generation of aircraft simulators, under development by CAE Electronics Ltd. of Montreal, a head tracker which tells the direction of the pilots head is mounted on top of the helmet. The eye tracker is mounted on the front of the helmet, and is ll exactly where the pilots eye is fixating. Frecker said that "successful integration of our eye tracker into the invigorated helmet-mounted CAE flight simulator would result in a new generation of simulators that would likely replace the current large domes and cumbersome video display units.

Captian Veres reactions to Billy Budd in Billy Budd :: Vere Billy Budd Essays

Captian Veres reactions to Billy Budd in Billy BuddWhen Captain Vere says Struck dead by an backer of God Yet the angel must hang his attitude towards Billy Budd changes from one of paternal concern and own(prenominal) respect to one in which he has set aside his personal thoughts and feelings for the sake of his nation. Each sentence represents this dichotomy by indicating his sentiment towards Billy. In the first, Billy is an angel of God who has struck Claggart dead, in a righteous manner. In the second sentence, the angel must hang, indicates that no matter Billys intentions or nature, his act is a crime against his country. Vere, between Billys salvo and his own divided exclamation, acts maniacally, but methodically. He follows procedure for confirming Claggarts condition, but does not refer to the event in terms of its secular implications. Instead, he calls it the divine judgment on Ananias. His behavior throughout this passage, which extends for only about a p age, is frantic and overturned. He acts as a military disciplinarian towards the disturbed Billy, ordering him to stay in his stateroom, but when the prudent surgeon enters the room, he acts with haste, interrupting his salute. Yet, when the baffled surgeon confirms Veres worst fears, he becomes motionless, standing absorbed in thought. He then convulsively compares Billy to the Angel of Death. Here, Vere is beginning to recognize the consequences of this event, and the necessary actions he must take as captain. Captain Vere returns to his intellectual, patriotic nature, as he becomes again the man whose settled convictions were as a dike against those invading waters of novel opinion social, political, and otherwise. Vere is not one given substantially to fits of discomfiture or moral dilemma. He believes strongly in the right of his nation and military, and disciplines himself and his men accordingly. Yet, for the first time we are aware of, Vere becomes torn betw een his father-like love for Billy and his son-like love for his country.

Captian Veres reactions to Billy Budd in Billy Budd :: Vere Billy Budd Essays

Captian Veres reactions to Billy Budd in Billy BuddWhen Captain Vere says Struck dead by an angel of God Yet the angel moldiness hang his attitude towards Billy Budd changes from one of paternal concern and personal respect to one in which he has set aside his personal thoughts and feelings for the sake of his nation. Each condemn represents this dichotomy by indicating his sentiment towards Billy. In the first, Billy is an angel of God who has struck Claggart dead, in a righteous military manner. In the second sentence, the angel must hang, indicates that no matter Billys intentions or nature, his act is a crime against his country. Vere, between Billys outburst and his own divided exclamation, acts maniacally, only if methodically. He follows procedure for confirming Claggarts condition, but does not refer to the event in terms of its secular implications. Instead, he calls it the divine judgment on Ananias. His behavior throughout this passage, which extends for o nly about a page, is frantic and disturbed. He acts as a military disciplinarian towards the disturbed Billy, ordering him to stay in his stateroom, but when the prudent surgeon enters the room, he acts with haste, interrupting his salute. Yet, when the baffled surgeon confirms Veres worst fears, he becomes motionless, standing absorbed in thought. He then convulsively compares Billy to the Angel of Death. Here, Vere is beginning to recognize the consequences of this event, and the necessary actions he must take as captain. Captain Vere returns to his intellectual, patriotic nature, as he becomes again the man whose settled convictions were as a dike against those invading waters of novel opinion social, political, and otherwise. Vere is not one given easily to fits of discomfiture or moral dilemma. He believes strongly in the right of his nation and military, and disciplines himself and his men accordingly. Yet, for the first time we are aware of, Vere becomes torn b etween his father-like applaud for Billy and his son-like love for his country.

Essay and Art Essay

In the essay Pablo Picasso Living in His Own Shadow, author Ellen Goodman uses fact, emotion and personal sustain to illustrate the cycles of creating and aging, breathing in the limelight and passing on the torch. Goodman captures the sadness and the beauty of being replaced or falling out of fame while using Picasso and his whole kit and boodle as an example of how even the most talented of persons must succumb to limitation. Goodman makes a point that some dodgeisans graciously recognize when it is time to cease their work but others persist despite the fact that their prime has passed. According to Goodman, Pablo Picasso represents the limitations in which we all must recognize but also the beauty in tumult and persistence.Goodman juxtaposes Picasso against many famous people who like Picasso grew old and eventually had to admit that they could no longer perform at peak performance. It is said that when Picasso was a teenager, his artist-father gave the male child his own dementedtte, brushers and colors, and never painted again, (LoRocco & Coughlin, 1995, p. 198). This actually seems to be factual. When Picasso was 13-years-old his father gave up painting admitting that his son had surpassed him in skill, (Pablo Picasso, n.d.).It is interesting that Goodman introduced the essay using this example considering the whole essay is about artists and well known figures who did non step out of the spotlight when their time was due. We feel sad that Joe DiMaggio sells coffee makers and uncomfortable that Willie Mays stayed too long. a couple of(prenominal) of us know how to deal with the man or woman who used to be somebody, (LoRocco & Coughlin, p. 199).Goodman describes her personal feelings when reviewing Picassos work at an art exhibit. She states that although Picasso was an exceptional artist at every age his later work is lacking in many ways. Goodman uses her observations to express sympathy toward Picasso as opposed to disdain for his later work s. to that degree as we wandered through the last thirty years of his life, you could see it all slip. The exhibit kindly excludes the commercial peace doves and greeting card poster art of the last few years. but still, it is easy to see the versatility turning frenetic the search turning downhill. There is even a sense that perhaps he began to imitate himself not just create but to create Picasso, (LoRocco & Coughlin, p. 198).In essence Goodman shows contempt for Joe DiMaggio and Willie Mays yet for Picasso Goodman expresses a sense of being perplexed and broad(a) of wonder, similar to her response to other artists including Frank Sinatra and Tennessee Williams. It is something I nurse thought before. Ive though of it whenever Tennessee Williams turns up in the news, alive but rargonly well, make-up poorly in comparison to his own brilliant retrospectives. Ive thought of it when Frank Sinatra goes on stage, all blue eyes and strained vocal cords. They are pale versions of t hemselves, (LoRocco & Coughlin, p. 198).But was Picasso a pale version of himself? According to Goodman there was a sense of grace and rebellion in the fact that Picasso worked until his death. There is something, not sad but remarkable, in this refusal to act his age, or retire gracefully. Surrounded by his own collection of his favorite cubist work, he must have known his limits. But out of compulsion or conviction he kept working.It is avowedly that Picasso worked rigorously until his death. Death holds no fear for me, Picasso recently told a friend. It holds a kind of beauty. What I am afraid of is falling ill and not being able to work. Thats lost time, (Time, 1973, 1). Picasso, as opposed to Mays and DiMaggio, did not work to make extra funds doing something which reminds us of their failing talents, like sell coffeemakers, Picasso worked to work. He created for the enjoyment of creating.His final work may have been pale in comparison to the masterpieces of his youth but as Goodman points out everything in life pales in comparison with youth. Living in your own shadow is a problem of aging athletes and beautiful women and artists and actors and, to an extent, all of us, (LoRocco & Coughlin, 1995, p. 198).Goodmans experience at the exhibit for Picassos art left her contemplating what it would be like to find oneself living in a world where the past constantly haunts the present. She expresses the sadness of this by using examples of other artists and athletes who have made history and then faced limitations. But living with ones past is part of life and the limitations associated with aging do not have to be stifling. Creation, Picasso said. Is the only thing that interests me, (LoRocco & Coughlin, 1995, p. 199). This statement must have been true for Picasso, who spent his entire life creating despite the fact that his later years are not defined as his most influencial in terms of elegant expression.ReferencesLoRocco, C., & Coughlin, J. (1995). The A rt of Work An Anthology of Workplace Literature (1st Edition ed.). Glencoe/McGraw Hill.Pablo Picasso. (n.d.). Retrieved Jan. 4, 2009, from Wikipedia www.wikipedia.comTime, H. (1973, April 23, 1973). Pablo Picassos Last Days and Final Journey. Time Magazine, .

Ghost Story

It was a cold starlit sky when a bridge decided to steal a pawn bring out which had many jewellery from different type of countries. It was located in an unusual part of the town where people do not a lot visit as it has a very strange atmosphere in the air. Quick, Quick said the man grabbing his woman by her wrist and dragging her behind. Hes coming, we must go forth before he sees us. The man held his girl girlfriend very tightly by her arm, who was struggling to run with a heavy load on her back. As the couple hurried along the cold chilling street they slipped into an ally and began to catch in that location breath.Then came a rather large grotesque flavour man charging from his shop, looking from left to right. The man was around six foot tall, rather heavy inwardnessbrows, with many scars across his neck and a right eye which had an irregular white colour inside. As he looked into the darkening misty sky he gave an almighty roar which sent vibrations through the heart of the couple. His feeling turned from one colour to another and as he clenched his fist he then swore to take revenge on the thieves. At this arcminute of time his humanity was questioned as he looked like he was indestructible.The couple in the alleyway stared at one another in the face, heart trouncing to the second regretting they even stepped outside the shop. As they were in a cul-de-sac they were too afraid to break the ally and make an escape. The couple muttered words under there breaths as if they were planning an escape. The man then went back inside the shop and slammed the door which then sent a shudder through the couples body. As the couple went into the streets, they heard a little tap of footsteps in the alley which they were hiding in.The woman stopped and turned towards the alley where there was a dark suspicious figure in the mysteriously gloomy corner filled with a thick dark mist as if she was attracted to it. As the woman curiously stared in the corner, t he man held hand and gradually pulled her away from it. As she exited the alleyway she heard a deep, slow trembling voice Where do you think you are going. As she heard this voice it started to make her think she was hearing something in her head that soon she and the man realised something was in the corner.You arent going to escape and then in a slightly decrepit voice It is yours to keep forever. The woman who then looked in her bag to see what it meant, as she scurried through her bag there she raise a black box which began to glow as soon as she picked it up. As soon as she picked it up the creature laughed in a creepy way and all that was heard was a screeching hissing noise. The woman immediately dropped the beautiful black box which then receptive, containing a necklace with a dark mist filled black stone hanging from it.This is when the man decided he had enough, grabbed the bag containing the rest of the jewellery and prompted the woman to leave. As they decided to lea ve she couldnt help but pick up the gold necklace and put in safely in the box. Im going to throw this back, we dont need it As she dumped the necklace in the gutter, the couple left the scene of the robbery and they decided to take a taxi. As the car arrived the woman was adamant on taking a taxi but nevertheless decided to go in.As the man entered the taxi he was too occupied in the jewellery but when the woman sat drink she looked in disbelief what was on the seat in front of her. The glowing black box was shining like a star and as she opened it, it contained a note Get Rich Or Die Trying. As soon as she finished reading the note the taxi driver who was the shop owner then turned back and cackled in a callous, cold-blooded way REMEMBER ME and drove the car down into the banks of a countryside where a low, violent lake awaited the coming of the notorious thieves.

A disaster recovery plan (DRP) and a business continuity plan (BCP) Essay

1. What is the difference between a run a risk abstract (RA) and a business invasion summary (BIA)? Risk analysis is often identifying the potential threats and the associated vulnerabilities to the plaques. Risk analysis doesnt view the organization from the mission critical Business Process point of view. More over BIA perceives the organization from the impact that is going to occur for an organization if the critical business processes argon interrupted or tampered.2. What is the difference between a disaster recovery device (DRP) and a business continuity plan (BCP)? Disaster recovery planning is an essential part of business planning that too often induces neglected. Part of this has to do with the fact that making a Disaster Recovery plan requires a lot of time and attention from busy managers and executives from every functional department indoors the telephoner. Business continuity is a newer term which was first popularized as a response to the Y2K bug. In order to stop your company from bleeding money in these situations, you need a plan that will allow the organization to continue generating revenue and providing services although possibly with lower quality on a evanescent basis until the company has regained its bearings.3. Typically, a business continuity plan is also a compilation or collection of other plans. What other plans might a BCP and all supporting documents include? Technical backup Plan, Communications Plan4. Why is it important to have detailed backup and recovery steps at bottom your disaster recovery plan (DRP)? When the plans work together no data is lost in the transition in the process.5. What is the purpose of a risk analysis? What is the purpose of a business impact analysis? Why are these an important first step in defining a BCP and DRP? The purpose of risk analysis is to allow organizations to decide which risks require more attention than other do. The purpose of business impact analysis is to identify those business functions that are all-important(a) to the organization and classify them as critical or noncritical. BIA section for each critical function receives additional information, including a description of recovery goals and requirements for each function. These are important first step because they are the building blocks for the organization.6. How does risk analysis (RA) relate to a business impact analysis for an organization? Each factor in an organization has a limited budget, the risk analysis help managers and CEOs decide how much they are willing to risk and using the business impact analysis which and how much will be spent on certain elements.7. Given the list of set mission critical business functions and processes, what kind of company would you say this organization is, and what do you think are its most important business processes and functions? I would think this company is an automotive company. I think its most important business process and functions are quality control mechanisms, research and development activities, and Manufacturing and production line.8. Given the prioritization list provided for the organizations identified business functions and processes, write an assessment of how this prioritization will impact the need for IT systems, applications, and data access.9. For the top five identified business functions and processes, what recovery time objective (RTO) would you cheer for this organization and why? Priority 1 would need RTO of 5 minutes, without the server you have no website or e-commerce for payroll. Priority 2 RTO of 15 minutes because the domains force out be down for a little while which will hamper communications but they would still be able to be productive. Priority 3 RTO is 5 minutes because it shouldnt take long to get the phone lines back on line. Priority 4 RTO is 5 minutes because if the organization outhouset help their customers then nobody would buy their product. Priority 5 RTO is 5 minutes be cause you need to send email and communication with other to venture the organizations product.10. Why is payroll for employees and human resources also listed as a No. 1 business priority? If your employees dont get paid then they wont work and then the business loses money and also the company can violate laws and agreements.

Narrative Essay on Poker

If back then I would have knew how fire hook was goanna be so big In 2004 period c alled the poker boom. Time when poker arrived on the TV channel of ESP. and online poker were starting to be introduce to the public, I would have started to learn the game way earlier than I did. fire hook is a game where it can only 5 minutes to learn , but a life clock to master. I was always performing with friends, we were all move 5 dollars, and the winner took all the money.But back then we all knew the rules and thought we were good at It, But hats how the human ego perceive the game , we all think were good at It but In fact we dont have a clue of what we are actually doing, and that was the case for me. When I turn 18 in 2008 , I started to go play at my local casino with a lot of confidence that I was good and genuinely fast ground myself losing most of the money that I had , that wasnt fun at all, I didnt want to tell my parents scared that they thought I was getting addicted to gambli ng. But I loved the game , knew that they were a way to get better but I could not figured out how.I then heard of online poker website were I could play for small amount of money doing tournament and cash game. Decided that I was goanna start doing that in order to gain experience. What I found that was very dangerous with online poker was how difficult it is to block playing , and how addictive it can get, I was of course losing a bit of money on the long verge due to my lack of experience , I then understood that I needed to really learn the game , so I started looking online to take chances Information about Poker by watching video and reading on forums.Bankroll Management is a believe what made me understood how poker flora when you want to make an income playing it. It mean that I needed to manage my poker money in a way that I was risking a minute of two percent of my bankroll to play in a game and by taking good decision over and over I pass on find myself winning on the long term. And what was so great about playing online is that I was able to play on multi tables at the same time so I was seeing way more than hand that I would have had playing live at a casino.And of course after playing most of my day I found myself eating better severally day has I was playing , and were able to build a bankroll that would go out me enough confidence to know I could do that instead of doing any other part time Job. But whats funny is that I spent more time playing poker than people working from nine to five. I Delves Tanat poker Is a nary way to make an easy living , It asks me civil wrong a lot AT practice and patience to become a winning poker player.I always learn from my mistake and try to review each hand I play either good or severeness one, I try to never let ad play or bad luck interfere in my mind and always looking forward. know that some night I can lose and it is important to know when to quit if it is not my night, I know I can always com e back the next day without being frustrated from the past game, I must(prenominal) never let my ego take over by trying to force the luck to come Just to be a winner that night, thats a bad habit some player does and that is how most of them find themselves going broke. That is why discipline is one of the key to success in this game and in any other field.

Locating Topics of Interest

Locating Topics of Interests Sam Johnson Northeastern university Are Female College Athletes pressured Into nonadaptive eating disorder to malting thin physical features? Female student athletes have a dual roll in trying to maintain faculty member and athletic excellence while in college. These athletes are expected to perform at the highest athletic l eventidel possible, and then asked to sustain their physical appearance. For some pistillate college athletes, much(prenominal) concerns and pressures may contribute to eating disorders or disordered eating appearances (Greengage et al. 009, IPPP).I believe womanly student athletes shouldnt disc all over pressured into complying with society needs, by totally ignoring their own. Greengage, C. , Petrel, T. A. , Carter, J. , & Reel, J. J. (2009). Female collegiate athletes prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Journal of American college Health, 57(5), 489-495. Athletes, and how weight issues may play a contributing part to this disorder. The authors will withal bring up the female student athletes surroundings, which may play a major role in how these students identify themselves as being over weight which loud persist to unhealthy dieting.Further more, the authors will monitor the mental capacity of these female students athletes while trying desperately to lose pounds for their team or individual sport. The authors have inflexible to use the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Greengage, Petri, Carter, and Reel, 2009, IPPP) feeling it gives more precise results than other questionnaires. The slew will use approximately two hundred female student athletes who participate in collegiate team or individual sports, from the southern region of America.Several questions pertaining to weight management, and certain types of eating miscues female student athletes may or may not practice daily, due to self dissatisfaction with their physical appearance. The questionnaires revealed over fifty percent of the female student athletes were disappointed with their current seaworthiness status. In addition almost ninety percent thought they need to lose a significant amount of mass in order for them to feel good about themselves.Approximately twenty percent of the female student athletes disclose they overindulge in eating more than four to six months, and over twenty- eve percent revealed that workout at least two hours daily to maintain a fit physique. Almost one fourth of the female student athletes deal to having a serious eating disorder and would like to receive help to resolve their negative weight control issues, but due to the negative pressures roughly them to stay fit, most of the female athletes fall prey to some type of eating disorder.Do college student athletes have the ability to truly succeed in an academic environment? College student athletes must Juggle practice and classroom assignments daily, and do the best they can to study for tes t without any rest. Student athletes have eer carried a label of being single-minded, narcissistic individuals who concentrate only on their athletic career (Chem.., Mason, Middleton, and Salary, 2013). Student athletes must be given the opportunity to develop with the proper study time, they can achieve the same success as any other student.Chem.., S. , Mason, N. , Middleton, S. , & Salary, W. (2013). An examination of behavioral data and testing scores as indicators of student-athletes academic success. KEEPERS journal, 51(1), 34-42. The author examines the attitudes and statistics of student athletes and their academic performance and motives while in college. Chem.. Et al. Study the reports on how often do student athletes research class materials, go to class, and participate in class lectures.The author explores the stability between student athletes performing at the high athletic levels and achieving academic success. Middleton, and Salary, 2013, pep), which covered the ba sic inquires craved by the authors. Roughly one hundred ninety student athlete applicants were surveyed, which approximately sixty-eight percent of them were male and thirty-two percent were female. The survey also covered a student athletes grade level, nationality, team sport participation and what academic year was it for them.The authors revealed as long as student athletes didnt exceed more than twenty hours a week in athletic activities, each athlete had the ability to balance both athletic and academics. Furthermore, student athletes fell short academically when overworked in their team sport, and not given enough time to study. These findings defend the idea that student athletes only go to college to participate in team or individual sports. It shows when given the proper time to study student athletes can accomplish the same success as regular education students.University coaches must advance student athletes to achieve academic success first without consequence for deci ding to become a scholar first. Do College Student Athletes have maneuver enigma which can hold in to gambling addiction? Gambling is a habit most individuals cant handle, especially when discussing regular university students or student athletes. Gambling among student athletes represents a multifaceted problem (Elongated et al. 08, IPPP), it is not a racial or certain gender addiction, this is a problem that could have young adults with thousands of dollars in debt. Elongated, S. , Jacobs, D. , Deterrents, J. , Guppy, R. , & Passes, T. (2008). Gambling behavior among college student-athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Psychology, 20(3), 349-362. The authors investigate the possible serious gambling problems among male and female college student athletes. Elongated et al. Explores the competitive nature of student athletes, and how gambling could lead to more dishonest practices by student athletes.In addition the authors examines the reasoning behind student athletes gambling, could this be a result from student athletes not having enough resources in college which directs them to take a chance on gambling. Elongated et al. Determined to receive accurate results decided to use the 2003 NCAA National Study on Collegiate Sports Wagering and Associated Health-Risk Behaviors (Elongated, Jacobs, Deterrents, Guppy, and Passes, 2008). The survey received over twenty thousand participants, with roughly sixty percent male student athletes and forty percent female student athletes.The study asked over 100 questions about gambling habits, the amount wagered, who were you betting on and what type of gambling games do you like to participate in. The authors revealed that over fifty percent of the participants admitted to gambling the year before, over eight percent admitted to gambling every week, and over three percent admitted they had real gambling issue. There were various of the male and female student athletes disclosed, it really didnt matter what game they pla yed, Just as long as it was a gambling game for revenue.

Field of Social Work in Child Practice

Field of kindly treat Practice in tike societal social public assistance Definition of the Field The Encyclopedia Britannica defines minor social welfare as services and institutions concerned with the physical, social and psychological well-being of chelaren, particularly kidren suffering from the effects of poverty or lacking normal parental cautiousness and surveillance (Child Welfare, 2010). kick the bucketing with children and families is the second largest area of practice for social practiceers, and it is most popular with those who have a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) Degree (Berg-Weger, 2010).National Organizations Addressing Child Welfare Practice A brief description of The Child Welfare System helps to better understand the role of social workers in this reach. Under the Child deprave Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), The Child Welfare system emerged. Primarily state and local regulated, this system encompasses the primary(a) responsibility of implem enting, overseeing and enforcing laws and policies aligned to protect the welfare of children.Services domiciliated under the child welfare system include the following Support or coordinate service to prevent child abuse and neglect support services to families that need help protecting and caring for their children wangle the investigation of bills of possible child abuse and neglect Oversee temporary and foster care of children when safety cannot be assured at home Support the well-being of children living with relatives or foster families, including ensuring their educational needs are addressed Oversee family reunification, adoption or other permanent family connections for children and youth leaving foster care Although each state has a unrestricted child welfare agency, the child welfare system is not a single entity. Public child welfare agencies often collaborate with private child welfare agencies, community-based organizations and other public agencies to ensur e that abused or neglected children receive the services they need. The Childrens Bureau (CB), another national organization, is the number 1 federal agency within the unify States (U. S. ) overnment to focus exclusively on the improving the lives of children and families. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is a professional organization created specific all in ally for the social work profession and serves to provide information and education to the profession and advocate on behalf of social work professionals (Berg-Weger, 2010). The Social Work Policy Institution (SWPI) is a unit within the NASW whose primary responsibility is to examine issues that relate to social workers and perform research to gather empirical data and statistics that directly and indirectly impact how public agencies and other structures take over health and human services.The mission of SWPI is to strengthen the voice of social workers in public policy deliberations, inform policymakers th rough and through collection and dissemination of information on social work effectiveness, and to create a forum to examine current and future issues in health care and social service delivery (Social Work Policy Institute,2012 ). The Role of Child Welfare Social Workers The role of the social worker in the battleground of child welfare involves a wide classification of settings within the child welfare system which includes direct involvement with an array of external professions and agencies (e. g. courts, law enforcement, psychiatrists, psychologists and other health care delivery team professionals). This collaboration is necessary to better ensure a holistic and efficient resolution approach for clients such that the safety and best interest of the child is always first and foremost eyepatch work toward the close of family reunification when feasible.The role of the child welfare social worker entails On-going follow-ups and investigation of reports of possible child abu se and/or neglect Meticulous assessments / detailed reports, and recommendations to courts and other services within the child welfare system Coordination of supportive child care, parenting classes, and in-home family preservation services On-going follow-ups, monitoring child and family progress and evaluations of planned outcomes When applicable, coordination and follow-up of mental health services, counseling and substance abuse treatment A liaison between client(s)and other multi-collaborative team members In addition, one of the most significant roles of the child welfare social worker is the mandated reporting of child abuse. Social workers have a legal responsibility to report suspicion of all form of child abuse and/or exploitation regardless to whether the information is based on direct or indirect acquaintance of incidents.The social worker works closely with local law enforcement agencies and family court systems that rely heavily on the high quality assessments a s well as other recommendations from the social worker in order to implement immediate safeguards and/or take immediate action when necessary to remove a child from a harmful or potentially harmful environment. Family preservation and implementing measures that safeguard the child, and acting in the best interest of the child is always the overall goal collectively within the child welfare system and individually for the social worker when making decisions, recommendations and referrals on behalf of a child. Social Problems in the Field Although the theater of operations of child welfare encompasses a variety of issues within the practice settings of family services, adoption programs and elementary and secondary school settings, child abuse is one of the most real issues facing social workers in this field (Berg-Weger, 2010).This issue alone, account by the SWPI, has created an emotional toll on social workers in the field of child welfare along with a steady increase in caseloa ds ranging from ten to one hundred and ten cases per social worker (The Social Work Career Center, 2012). This makes recruitment and retention in this field an on-going challenge. As front-line workers in the protection of children, social workers in this field are at high risk of becoming victims of force out as they are not usually accompanied by law enforcement during the initial follow-up on reports of abuse. Another area within the child welfare system that creates a social dilemma is the cost associated with child abuse and neglect mainly including hospital care and foster care.The social and economic consequences and costs of child abuse and neglect impact our society both directly and indirectly. The greatest cost being the displacement and offense against children. Professions that Compete with the Field of Child Welfare Political conservations and government cut backs on social reform, media and societal oppositions continue to be a constant challenge to the field of soc ial work in general. Particularly in the field of child welfare, and despite the fortitude of those who remain committed to the client goal of finding families more quickly through safe reunification, adoption, and legal guardianship, the difficult and challenging daily tasks of child welfare social workers are seldom publicly acknowledged unless under scrutiny.Moreover, due to the complexities of the child welfare system, one hundred percent safety for all children is a goal to be achieved, but is rarely attained. Child welfare is a field of practice that is identified by the public as being primarily a social work domain. However, less than thirty percent of child welfare workers have a professional social work degree (BSW or Master of Social Work (MSW)). In some states the number of professional social workers in public child welfare is as low as three percent, with fewer than fifteen percent of states requiring a BSW or MSW degree for any child welfare position (Social Work Poli cy Institute,2012).In addition, there is a high turnover with the highest turnover rates from those who are hired with the least educational background and training (Social Work Policy Institute,2012). This dilemma creates a higher caseload and workload on those who hold the longest record of remaining in the field. That is, the degreed professionals (Social Work Policy Institute,2012). Job Opportunities According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the number of children under the age of 18 in the U. S. has catchn from forty-seven million since 1950 to seventy-three address five million. By the year 2030, this number is expected to grow to eighty-five point seven million.The BLS also estimates the need for 595,000 social workers, with an expected growth of twenty dollar bill percent employment of child welfare social workers. The average growth rate for all occupations is fourteen percent. The demand for child and family social workers should continue to grow because t hey will be needed to investigate child abuse cases and to place children in foster care and with adoptive families. However, growth in this occupation is report to limited budget constraints at all levels of government which will have impact on closing the gap on the shortage of social workers in this field and overall job opportunities. Salaries vary depending on location, experience and benefits offered.However, the median annual wage as reported by BLS is $40,210 annually (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2012). crucial Trends The CB reported that in any given year an estimation of one million children come to the attention of the child welfare system. In 2010 an estimated 701,158 children were determined to be victims of abuse and neglect and an estimated 1,537 children died related to child abuse or neglect. As the NASW Center for Workforce Studies states, child abuse and neglect occur in all segments of society, within families from all walks of life, at all income levels, a ll religious denominations and all racial and cultural backgrounds.These facts indicate that child welfare requires knowledge and skills in assessment, sprightly engagement, intervention, the use of authority, and an expert ability to negotiate and manage appropriate community resources for an immeasurable client base. This further indicates a need for more comprehensive strategies that aim both the recruitment and education of the next generation of professional social workers, and the training of current practitioners. The NASW reports that currently, hiring requirements for social workers in child welfare vary. Targets for action as reported by the SWPI include influencing social work education as a requirement to practice in the field, expanding use of data and research, influencing service delivery, and modify policy and practice linkages.The NASW continues to advocate for measures to decrease the shortage of social workers in the field of child welfare social work and to en sure consumers have admittance to qualified professionals. One such measure to recruit more degreed child welfare social workers is promoting student loan forgiveness for social work college graduates. For example, while The Higher Education Act has been authorized by Congress to offer loan forgiveness, they have yet to allocate the funds toward this program to pay-off student loans (The Social Work Career Center, 2012). However, the NASW remains vocal on behalf of social workers to get funds appropriated for this program. These are just a few examples of the on-going work to improve working conditions, salaries and other benefits for members of the profession.Other sources include the College Cost Reduction Act of 2007 that also offers a loan forgiveness program that will discharge any remaining educational debt after ten years of full-time employment in public service. These shifts mark significant trends toward improved support of social workers particularly in the field of chil d welfare, and even more declare employment opportunities for social work graduates who are interested in child welfare. Summary A unique formulation in the area of child welfare is working closely and diligently to combat one of the most sensitive issues of our society, that is, the abuse and/or neglect of children. This prognosis alone makes the decision to pursue a career in child welfare a most rewarding one but challenging at the same time.The field of child welfare is professionally, emotionally, and personally taxing, and often misunderstood and under-supported. With the reported rates of child population growth and the alarming rates of reported child abuse, the need for well trained and educated social workers is critical to this field of social work in particular. In order to provide equal and improved support for social workers and the children and families who encompass this field, supportive efforts on the part of state and federal levels, and other organizations li ke NASW and SWPI helps to offer a more promising outlook and outcomes for all who remain committed to achieve a most difficult task of one hundred percent safety of all children.

Human Resource as Most Important Essay

The importance of human resource (HR) can be explained through the analogy of a motorcycle. A motorcycle cant run on its own without the function of its m whatever parts. It needs to be serviced regularly, the parts oiled and sometimes, talking to it, helps in runnel of your motorbike. Trust me (I myself, own a Vespa). Ignorance of its squeaky brake pads, almost thread less rear tyres could hamper the motorbikes performance on the channel or worst the death of its rider These same principles apply for a bon ton. An judicature cannot unction without its employees as they argon essentially its driving force.Patty (2010 15) expound employees as the geniuss that make decisions, negotiate and execute plans. An organization exists to deliver value for people, either as a single person or whole in full as a team (Mayo, 2001). As stated by Lawler (2003 17), some organizations market worth is in its intangible assets, such as its reputation, brand and human upper-case letter, are extr emely vulnerable to sudden death spirals. These intangible assets wouldnt exist if not for good performing employees. A company offering bike towing services wouldnt be respectable anymore if its mployees start to not achieve its target of 30 minutes arriving at setting upon despatched.Alternatively, a cosmetic shop selling facial products when their sales assistant themselves do not have good facial complexions. As Mayo (2001 26) states, everything depends on people their capability, motivation, creativity, passion and leadership. People manage the tangible assets, and they alike maintain and grow the intangible ones. Humans possesses unique feelings and emotions and when they are layly identified and managed with the correct strategy, an organization is able to seamlessly attain its target without much problems.As Kant (1781) mentions, Treat people as ends unto themselves rather than as means to an end. Armstrong (2009 14) then elaborates, productivity is direct related to job satisf motion and the output will be high if they like their co-workers and are given pleasant supervision. Employees share their personal human capital with their company as they believe they will be getting something in return. As a result, an employee in an organization becomes both the stakeholder and shareholder (Mayo, 2001). Employees are further lending their personal human capital to their company and may switch so if they are not being treated right.Meanwhile, other assets of an organization do not have an emotional element attached to them. This refers to state-of-the-art technology that manufactures excellent, clean products for mass selling. Companies such as Apple, Sony and Philips are all well notable for their IT products. Big touch screen tablet computers. Bigger LED Television screen and the list go on. However, it is by the use of the human resource that we are able to come out with such ideas and meaning on how our future daily products are to be like.Mac hines can never be exact substitutes for humans. It is the action of our own mindless workers in those factories hat we can control the technology to be turned on or off for exact made-to-order production figures. Those same workers will be the one to diagnose and repair the machines once they break down. The same applies to the rest of the assets. The organizations financials, materials, and methodology couldnt be derived without the help of the human resource. It is only through people that these factors could be idealised and generated.Stewart (2005 3) defined intellectual capital as Intellectual material knowledge, information, intellectual property, cause that can be put to use to create wealth. An organization may start with zero capital but with honest, experienced and resourceful employees, their company aptitude still be successful in the end. As highlighted, no other asset is as important as human resource in any organization. An organization needs the directives of it s own staff as nothing else will drive the company forward.Employee actions are the mirror image of their organization. A good responsible, reputable and polite bike technician will give customer the same impression of the company. Good impressions will drive up the companys monthly sales target. A bad reputation will lowly dwindle down sales targets and force customer to look for other better workshops. However, most companies think of fast super fast and easy methods of cutting down costs in times of crisis by letting go of their employees. It would only be commonality sense to cut down on your own staff as youre now dealing with technologies and machines for your business but we are wrong.This perspective is also being supported by various accounting principles. Mayo (2001 4) states that They are much more likely to see the company being driven by efficiency and by minimizing costs. This is largely due to the fact that human resource costs re easier to monitor, while the intang ible values that they generate is not. So, human resources only when will not entail in good endings. It has to be nurtured properly from the start by a good human resource management (HRM). just now with good HRM will the company be recruiting the best talent for the job. With the proper strategy and fit in line, these peoples managers will be the counterchange agents for their employees and only then will their approach be fruitful. As stated by Armstrong (2009 15), the overall purpose of human resource management is to ensure the organization is able to achieve success through people.As you can see, human resources are the most important asset in the organization. They are the one that drive the organization forward in making a significant contribution to their companys success. The rest of the assets stated above are in pale comparison to human resource. However, only with a good HRM will the organization prosper. Given the proper infrastructure, high investment and even huge hands but without a proper HRM, there is no way that organization could run successfully. Thus, human resource is the most important factor in find the success and failure of any organization.

The dramatic structure in the form of racism Essay

The bleed Fences is a thoroughgoing happen upon that is generall(a)y holded as his biggest success commercially. The dramatic structures of the play are evident. First, there is the enjoyment Fences the play was not named Fences simply because of the major backdrop of building a turn over in the backyard of the Maxsons but quite an the author utilizes fences figuratively and as a literacy tool. Moreover, the relationships in the play are built and broken in the same backyard during the building performance of the fence. The call to build the fence is considered as a foundation to roses character whose request to build the fence posters here to the audience as loving and caring. Bono explains rosinesss character as, Some people build fences to keep people out and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you. On the other hand, troy weight and Cory consider the building project as a thing for and reluctantly take part in the pro ject. Bono yet figuratively uses fences as a tool to indicate Troys mannerisms of cheating on his married woman just are pushing Rose away just like fences serve the purpose of charge people off. The reluctance on Troys part to partake in the building process of the fence illustrates a man who is unwilling to hold his family together. The end of the play shows a complete fence which similarly demonstrates the unity of a family that was previously broken.Secondly, the call on the carpet is cast by Troy in his stories and presents the devil as a character whose purpose is to frustrate his family and further the devil illustrates the presss Troy experiences in invigoration. For interpreter in scene 11, the author presents Troys tale of a long struggle with the Devil thus admonishing his thoughts as being rooted in the most absurd of ideas. Retrospectively, he tells another story where he turns a white man into the Devil. In lieu of the same use of the Devil in the play, Troy thin ks of the devil not as imaginary being but gives it life by equating it to a human being in his stories. Towards the end of the play, we see Troys thoughts on the Devil being replicated in his bad luck in life and what curtails and degrades his dreams throughout the play he considers racism as his Devil.There is also the dramatic structure in the form of racism. In Act One, we are presented with Troys and Bonos lives whose childhoods possess are rounded in the tales of concentrated fathers in the upbringing in Lyons. The painful memories of their live reflect on the relationship that Troy and Cory have in the play. In consideration to how Troy was treated in his childhood years, he felt and truism it fit to bestow responsibilities onto Cory at an early age, his perception of the black child was that they should strive by all means to ensure they come at the of the food chain irrespective of the conditions was being presented with. Considering the fact that Troy was discriminated upon during his baseball years, he is afraid that his son will go through the same and he cannot offer what happened to him be experienced by his son. This shows that during Troys time, it was difficult for a black to succeed in blow and educational activities irrespective of how successful they were in doing undertaking an idea to anything worthwhile. It is because of these insecurities that he moves to Corys football game coach to prevent him from playing football so as not to secure him a sport scholarship for college.ReferenceWilson , August. Fences. London Paw Prints, 2008.Source document

Separation of a Mixture of Solids

Separation of a assortment of Solids My Flow Chart First eat up iron filings with magnet since this is the only substance in the confection that it is magnetic and will be attracted to a magnet. Second remove the sand by adding the mixture to hot water, which the other two substances are dissolvable. third gear remove the benzoic unpleasant since this is less soluble in cold than salt by temperature reduction the mixture in the heated water. This will consequently leave the table salt behind in the water as the last substance. Observations Data remit 1 Experiment Data Grams (g) Percent of Mixture (%) Initial Mixture 6. 5 100 campaign Filings 1. 8 27. 69 Sand 1. 7 26. 15 Table Salt 1. 9 29. 23 benzoic Acid 0. 8 12. 31 Combined measure 6. 2 95. 38 Questions A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? My proposed flow chart was very closelipped to that of the actual lab exercise . The only step that I did non include was letting the water mellow to find isolate the table salt.I suppose I was thinking that it would be estimated by process of elimination. However, I can now that this would not accurately render that true weight and is therefore not scientific. B. treat potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The disadvantage of my flow chart would be that although the stop over numbers would be closer to the captain chain reactor of the mixture, it would not accurately represent the correct percentages and would not account correctly show the rror that occurred during the process. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is high than the authorized sand percentage? I would explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage from water that could still be let in the sand if it has not been tending(p) the proper time to fully dry. However, the a subaltern amount of table salt and benzoic acid particle were also left behind in the small amount of water that needed to be dried out of the sand and could account for the higher percentage.D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? I think that the largest potential for error is in the take out and handling of the substances. Small particles were left behind in the original weighing dish, graduated cylinder and instill that were not able to be transferred. Human error, interchangeable spilling small amount of the mixture in transfer, and machinelike error, like a miscalculated calibration of the scale, could also be sources of error.Separation of a Mixture of SolidsSeparation of a Mixture of Solids My Flow Chart First remove iron filings with magnet since this is the only substance in the mixture that it is magnetic and will be attracted to a magnet. Second remove the sand by adding the mixture to hot water, which the other two substances are soluble. Thir d remove the benzoic acid since this is less soluble in cold than salt by cooling the mixture in the heated water. This will then leave the table salt behind in the water as the last substance. Observations Data Table 1 Experiment Data Grams (g) Percent of Mixture (%) Initial Mixture 6. 5 100 Iron Filings 1. 8 27. 69 Sand 1. 7 26. 15 Table Salt 1. 9 29. 23 Benzoic Acid 0. 8 12. 31 Combined Total 6. 2 95. 38 Questions A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? My proposed flow chart was very close to that of the actual lab exercise. The only step that I did not include was letting the water evaporate to find isolate the table salt.I suppose I was thinking that it would be estimated by process of elimination. However, I can now that this would not accurately show that true weight and is therefore not scientific. B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The disadvantage of my flow chart would be that although the end numbers would be closer to the original mass of the mixture, it would not accurately represent the correct percentages and would not account correctly show the rror that occurred during the process. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? I would explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage from water that could still be let in the sand if it has not been given the proper time to fully dry. However, the a small amount of table salt and benzoic acid particle were also left behind in the small amount of water that needed to be dried out of the sand and could account for the higher percentage.D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? I think that the largest potential for error is in the transfer and handling of the substances. Small particles were left behind in the ori ginal weighing dish, graduated cylinder and cup that were not able to be transferred. Human error, like spilling small amount of the mixture in transfer, and mechanical error, like a miscalculated calibration of the scale, could also be sources of error.

Human Factors and Cyber Policy Essay

IntroductionHuman factors seat influence constitution choices for both domestic and multi farmingal cyber tribute disciplines. What entrust be discussed in this paper is how gentlemans gentleman factors bottomland affect four selected cyber hostage issues. The four-cyber security issues selected ar zero-day acts, meta-data collected and characterd by private and mankind fields, vulner magnate assessments for wandering devices in the BYOD environment, and threats to reduplicate right and ownership of talented property. This paper will go into details on of the essence(predicate) security issues, recommended form _or_ system of political relation controls, and how or why human factors stomach influence separately of the recommended insurance controls for each of the four selected topics menti stard. procure, threats and ownership ofintellectual propertyImportant Security IssuesWith the proliferation of three-D Printers and the availability of secureed materials affix online, there is an additional facet to the current debate surrounding secure and ownership of intellectual property. plagiarization of digital media such as music and videos has been a long-standing issue since the 1990s with Napster and quasi(prenominal) peer-to-peer file sacramental manduction programs. There argon half-dozen ways that intellectual property theft harms U.S. and global consumers and economies. Online plagiarization harms capability as rise up as the trademark owners done lost sales and brand recognition through increased costs to protect intellectual property instead of investing in research and culture (Growth of Internet plagiarization, 2011). Secondly, the consumers are harmed when they receive lower quality, inauthentic products that may cause physical harm in the case of dash offloading and creating a 3-D printed model (Growth of Internet buccaneering, 2011).Arguably the most prominent case against piracy, copyright infringement harms eco nomies through lost tax r correctues, higher costs of law enforcements and additional harm ca apply by the governments usage of talk through ones hat products (Growth of Internet Piracy, 2011). This leads to the fourth issue, global economies lose their ability to helper with countries that ache weaker intellectual property enforcement (Growth of Internet Piracy, 2011). Online copyright infringement reduces innovation due to the decrease of incentives to render and disseminate ideas harming the First Amendment (Growth of Internet Piracy, 2011). Fin eithery, supporting online piracy has been linked to supporting outside(a) crime syndicates constitute a risk to U.S. national security (Growth of Internet Piracy, 2011).Recommended indemnity take caresThere is no set of constitution controls that would be a one-size fits all when it comes to ownership of intellectual property concerning digital media or 3-D printing. The issue with copyright infringement concerning home 3-D pri nting boils down to the law. If a personal user now prints a copyrighted 3-D model from a file-sharing site, then that user has committed a crime. The copyright owner should be compensated a simple analogy is paying iTunes to be able to fit a song from an artist. How invariably, if the user is inspired tocreate a very similar model than the copyright owner is not subject to compensation because a style give noticenot be copyrighted (Thompson, 2013). The first 3-D DMCAs language is indicative of that user Artur83 was hit with the first-ever DMCA surrounding 3-D printing after creating a Penrose triangle after being inspired by Dr. Ulrich Schwantz (Rideout, 2011).The argument was that Artur83 created an independent file after see a photo of the completed product he did not modify an existing file and that the bang was unclear if Dr. Schwantz was trying to say the Penrose triangle, a concept published in 1958, was his intellectual property (Rideout, 2011). Ultimately, Dr. Schwan tz dropped the DMCA, except it still serves as a precedence for the debate betwixt original and similarity. If corporations are to crack down on copyright infringements, be it blatantly copying direct design or limiting creativeness and inhibiting innovation, then they will strike to lobby Congress to change laws. With respect to 3-D printing, however, the current laws are levelheaded enough. While the 3-D files are CAD files, categorized as pictorial, graphic, and scultptural works that can be protected by copyright, they are excluded from copyright if the file has an intrinsic utilitarian function other than picture either appearance or conveying information (Rideout, 2011).While each file can be independently reviewed to assess if an original file is copyrighted, it would be an arduous task that would not be fiscally responsible for a company to pursue every similar design. Additionally, current patent laws are relevant to complete and assembled products creating re postu rement parts is currently levelheaded and allowable (Thompson, 2012). If any of this is to change, then corporations will extremity to lobby. As for combating software piracy, a decent alternative to the maturement use of software piracy is the use of open source software (OSS). Open source software completely eliminates the issue of software piracy by giving the end user free entranceway to the software source code and the ability to install un exceptional copies of the application without awe of copyright infringement.The reasons for victimisation open source software as an alternative to piracy are numerous. Arguably the most important reason, OSS benefits the economy by reducing the emanation costs of software development, global competition, and technological diffusion (OSS-Piracy, 2009, p. 168). By using OSS, end users can doorway larger and community supported market partings across a wide diversity of product ranges andservices. ascribable to lower levels of intell ectual property laws in developing countries they tend to result in higher prices and limited availability (OSS-Piracy, 2009, p. 168). As it stands, the current weak laws will ultimately result in encouraging piracy. By using OSS, countries can feeler a rich ecosystem of different products that withstand growing market share and a diverse set of service and support.How/Why Human Factors Influence PolicyThe Internet has constrain a central actor in the world economy by delivering products and eliminating inefficient middlemen. In 2011, as much as 6 per-cent of the U.S. gross national product was generated by industries supported by intellectual property laws nearly 24 per-cent of all Internet traffic is infringing on these intellectual properties (History of the Internet Piracy Debate, 2011). Software piracy is more rampant outside of the U.S. In countries with developing economies third-world countries to be exact necessary for software is supplied by piracy instead of publish ers due to legitimate publishers being unable to compete with counterfeit operations at cut-throat prices (Traphagan & Griffith, 1998). The issue with piracy is that it inhibits and prevents local developers from being paid for their property, stymieing growth and additional assembly line opportunities (Traphagan & Griffith, 1998).Human factors that affect piracy include Knowledge and fear of consequences entrance fee attitude towards piracy and friendly norms (Nill, Schibrowsky & Peltier, 2010). With more negative attitudes, general knowledge and fear of consequences of piracy tend to reduce piracy, with greater botherion to content leads to increased piracy (Nill, Schibrowsky & Peltier, 2010). While a more economically developed nation will lose more money to piracy, strong legal protection for intellectual property as well as enforcement of the laws will reduce piracy (Traphagan & Griffith, 1998). As for developed nations who cannot enforce laws as well, the culture mustine ss see that software piracy is the same as thievery a car (Traphagan & Griffith, 1998). Ultimately, regardless of socio-economic status, all mint must view piracy and copyright infringement in the same light it is stealing and harmful to the global economy.IntroductionToday, the worlds economy on with international security greatly depends on a secured Internet. Our society greatly depends on computing device networks. Computer networks can be seen as the nerve system to detailed infrastructures and also opening move information systems in which our society has become increasingly dependent upon. Hackers are discovering new guinea pigs of vulnerabilities in computer systems almost everyday, which could affect a nations critical infrastructure, force satellites, and more. One of the orotundgest threats seen at once is known as the zero-day antiaircraft or exploit.Zero-Day AttackA zero-day eruption fit in to Seltzer is a virus or other exploit that takes advantage of a newl y observe hole in a program or operating system before the software developer has make a fix available or before theyre even aware the hole exists. This is a very dangerous attribute of attack because the attack occurs first before it is even detected. In a sense, the zero-day attack is unpreventable since the virus or exploit occurs when there is no existing spotlight approximately to correct the attack. A zero-day attack takes a significant amount of time and money from well-trained cyber-criminals in regulate for the attack to be successful because it is a targeted attack that suffers security vulnerabilities. One of the greatest zero-day exploit computer worms is known as Stuxnet.StuxnetStuxnet is a computer worm that was able to disrupt Iranian atomic enrichment in 2010. Stuxnet was the first pillow slip of a cyber attack that was able to cause physical damages across international boundaries and was considered to be a new type of warfare with the capabilities of threat ening even the strongest of multitude powers. fit in to Symantec, which is an American security corporation, Stuxnet is one of the most complex threats that were analyzed. The purpose of Stuxnet was to target industrial control systems or similar systems that is apply in gas pipelines and power plants and to reprogram the industrial control systems. This zero-day exploit was discovered in July of 2010 scarce did exist at least one year prior to its discovery. Stuxnet was ultimately sabotage Irans nuclear systems.Policy ControlsOne of the most effective ways to prevent a zero-day attack is to try and find any vulnerability before someone else does. Government agencies and public giving medications are willing to hire and send out rejoins to individuals that are capable of finding exploits deep down a program or operating system. It takes skilled hackers to discharge a zero-day exploit. They must confound the time and resources to find a vulnerability that has no existing p atch or fix for it. As mentioned before, one way to prevent a zero-day exploit is to find the vulnerability before the cybercriminals do. Organizations will hire ethical hackers to find vulnerabilities within their systems. One example is Google. Google has a reward system if somebody could find a exploit within Google Chrome. The company Google sponsors up to $1 one thousand million worth of rewards to those that can find exploits in Google Chrome. The United States government is willing to pay up to six figures for exclusive use of attacks to those who can create attacks in defenseless systems.Other countries such as chinaware and Russia are willing to pay rewards to gain exclusive use of system attacks to people who come up with these attacks. A second indemnity to put in posture to help prevent a zero-day exploit is to have both the private sector and public sector work together with limited restrictions when it comes to talk and information sharing. One of the main concer ns about a zero-day exploit is an attack on a nations critical infrastructure. A critical infrastructure can be defined as systems and assets, physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating tinct on security, national economic security, nation public health and safety, or any combination of those matters (Moteff, 2014, p. 2). little infrastructures are important for a nations health, wealth, and security. One of the problems between private and public sectors is conversation. The public sector at times is unwilling to share information with the private sector in fear of handing out classified information and the private sector is unwilling to share information with the public sector in fear that the public sector competitions can gain information that can be used against them. A proposed strategy for this action by the Commission was to have the private sector and the appropriate government agencies have greater cooperation and communication by Setting a top level policy-making sanction in the White House establishing a council what would includecorporate executives, state and local government officials (Moteff, 2014, p. 3).A third method which can also be seen as one of the top methods is the greatly gallop research and development in technologies. This can be achieved by expanding education so that new technologies can be developed that would allow for greater detection of intrusions thus limiting the amount of zero-day exploits.Military and stinting Advantages of Zero-day ExploitA zero-day exploit is considered a very dangerous cyber attack since the attack targets holes in programs or operating systems before a software fix is available or even when developers are even aware a hole even exists in that program or operating system. Since the world today is heavily reliant on the Internet along with computer networks, a zero-day exploit on the military can be very devastating. If a zero-day attack occurred on a nations critical infrastructure such as water systems, transportation, and communications, it could leave that nation defenseless and vulnerable to attacks that can destroy a nation along with its citizens.The zero-day attack known as Stuxnet was able to disrupt Irans nuclear enrichment and was the first ever recorded cyber attack to cause physical damages. Zero-day exploits can be seen as a new type of cyber attack that could ultimately be used for cyber warfare. Any zero-day attack on a nations critical infrastructure will cause mass havoc, which could even lead to human casualties.Meta- information collected and used by the Private sector and Public sector Important Security IssuesMet-Data collection is a major(ip) issue to all private and public sectors. The methods and nestes that are used to collection information is not carbon% secure. There are always leaks and breakage points among any transmission of data that is traveling from one fix to another. The way these vulnerability issue take place is by hackers being able to gain access to reactive information and with this information their able to monitor and analyze the data that appears to be data that unfeignedly in the consumer eyes is not a major concern nor precaution that necessitate any barely action to take place. There are tools that can be used to successfully complete an attack of Meta-Data, and this tool works by gathering the data and by using adocument that has been created. According to Vulnerabilities/Threats (2009) For example, Word Document metadata can be viewed within the Properties menu option in Microsoft Word, or by enabling the viewing of previous edits with the Track Changes option. It has been reported that Adobe Acrobat can detect and display the metadata attack in PDF form.Some methods that are executed to collect data at a high level pace is called CeWL and MetaGooFil, which were designed to retrieved metadata informatio n that may be available through the internet. The way these tools operate for instance CeWL works by developing a word list that uses brute-forcing for passwords involving websites. This tool can also draw out any author, or email addresses that can be discovered from Microsoft Office files. CeWL is a file that can process files that may already be generated. MetaGooFil functions by using Google search engine to randomly hunting certain types of files. Once the downloading process has been conducted the metadata has already been place in HTML report the reveals the information that was retrieved. other issue that involves metadata is that a great deal of organizations overlook this matter and it poses a lack of security and their defenses are vulnerable to serious attacks.Since organizations fail to take the seriousness of metadata attacks, and how their connected with Spear-phishing and Social Engineering and the relationship between one another. Spear-phishing can focus and tar get email addresses of individuals who works on certain documents. Having a vulnerable version of the Microsoft Office suites can be targeted for an attacker to create a file and send it to a client with the intent to steal information. Social Engineering is already having knowledge of individual names and using them to conduct phone call schemes and appear to be more believable than what they really are.Recommended Policy ControlsPolicies that could be administered as far as how the information is obtain by public or private sectors. Having policies in place that are firm and strict that involves need to know bases. Access to certain information needs to be minimize if a particular individual has no purpose or reason for obtaining or viewing certain information. Also policies can be changed in the way information is handle to better ensure the safety of sensitive data. On the job training and security cognisance session that can educate peopleof the severity of being victims to m etadata attacks. Having Mechanisms in place would be a great approach to handling policy controls. There are mechanism that convey Metadata into Diffserv DSCP. According to Atarashi, R., Miyake, S., Baker, F., (2002) The data and application need to be identified to the network, in order to gain service from the network appropriate to it. The application gains access to the information that becomes available in its terms, including owner, format, and etc. In this situation the network is worried about the type of service the applications are looking for. In this situation having a translator already in place with API. QoS is highly desirable in the controlling metadata and internet applications.According to metadata is going to important for not exclusively structuring and discovery digital resource but also communication interaction. The lingo that is used in the patience of security is (threat, vulnerability, risk, control). Policy controls are implemented to reduce the possibil ities of risk and one exactly happen. Having multiple security layers will be an ideal action to have in place for policy controls. According to Harris (1976) The find out of thumb is the more sensitive the asset, the more layers of protection that must be put into place. These layers should be liquify and unifies as one but can be view as if youre making a cake to put thing into perspective of how the multiple layers compensate one another. In this cake your have 1. Physical security 2. Virus scanners and Patch management 3. Rule-based access control and Account management 4. just architecture, Demilitarized zones (DMZ), Firewalls, 5. Virtual private networks (VPN) 6. Policies and procedures. These six functions will definitely help control, minimize, and monitor any possible threats that metadata may pose.How/Why Human Factors Influence PolicyThe way human factors can influence the effectiveness of the recommended policy controls is by enforcing them on a daily bases. apprehe nsiveness the threat and its capabilities and how an attack can cripple an organization. These policy controls can be successful as long as the people who are standing buns them believe in them and also having a strong foundation just in case one layer of security collapse another one is in place as support. Routinely awareness training is another way to ensure the effectiveness of policy controls that are in place for unforeseenoccurrences.Theres an old saying (account for variable changes) meaning that there should always be plans for the unknown. A good human factors that will play a major role is a person with good morals and organizations. Not having these traits pose a lack of effectiveness when it comes to handling policy control. Individuals who value virtue will be a great asset to have in regards to honoring the standards and policies that are in place. Vulnerability assessments for Mobile Devices in the BYOD environment Important Security IssuesIn the 21st century cybe r security is currently number one threat that will affect individuals all the way to corporate companies. Understanding the critical security issues dealing with vulnerability assessment of mobile devices in a BYOD environment. By sum up BYOD into the work environment with increase access to web application cloud computing and software as a service (SaaS) offering, means the employees, business partners and customers are increasingly accessing information using web browsers on devices that are not managed by an organization opens the door to critical security and HIPPA violations if security issues arent communicate correctly. In an article from a network security magazine stated the Harris survey determined the 47% of employees use personal desktop computers to access or store company information, while 41% do this with personal laptops, 24% with stylishness phones and 10% with tablets.However, with less than half of these devices being protected by prefatory security measure s, some organizations may begin to worry that the security challenges associated with BYOD far outweigh the benefits. (1) The challenges that come along with BYOD are the corporate Data being delivered to the devices not managed by the IT department, that have security applications for data leakage, Data theft and regulatory compliance which leaves the enterprise with fewer controls and visibility. Knowing that key-loggers, malware and cyberattacks have greatly increased the potential of unauthorized access to, and information theft from endpoints the D in BYOD doesnt stop at smart phones. The SANS institute has explained that handheld devices combined with laptops and removable storage (e.g. USB keys) introduce specific threats to corporate or an organizations assets and that a security policy can establish rules for the proper use of handheld devices within intranets (2)Employees can accessinformation from home from their personal computers and tablets which can be infected with m alware or key-loggers which gives people access to your companies at work for future cyber-attacks. Corporate companies can bound losing visibility into data access when BYOD re bypassing inbound filters normally applied to standard corporate devices. Theyre vulnerable to malware-a fast growing risk, particularly in regards to android devices.(3) The security issues with bringing android devices into the BYOD other than Apple device is the Google dawdle store and fragmentation of devices an OS version. Google Play (formerly called the Android Market) has a higher percentage of apps that contain malware, or social engineering to connect to malware, than any other app store by another magnitude. (4) The store is not policed well leaving these factors continually creating friction or resistances towards greater adoption of Android devices in the enterprise environment.Recommended Policy ControlsUnderstanding the changing environment with BYOD entering into the enterprise area, there should be some checks and balances with recommended policy controls. To protect users in the enterprise some good policies are needed to be implemented would be requiring all devices to be encrypted to protect intellectual property, and to restrict the downloading of specific applications known to contain malware, and insufficient security protocols or other vulnerabilities. Combining some of these with a robust VPN solution, that any enterprises and their employees can enjoy the convenience, productiveness and costsavings of BYOD without placing critical data at risk(5).Standing on the organization security policy should be categorized as followed starting with general policies that and for security policies for enterprise-level use on mobile devices that restrict access to the hardware software, and management wireless network interfaces to text policy violations when they occur. Data communication and storage are highly recommended to be encrypted data communication and data stor age be powerful wiping the device before reissuing. Another policy control is dealing with user and devices, authentication before allowing access to the organizations resources.Applications need restriction from installing and updating application that is used to synchronization services, then verifying the digital signature on applications. In order for a BYOD programto work in an enterprises environment is to start off with a mobile device management (MDM) to the intent I to fully optimize functionally and security of mobile equipment in the enterprises environment to simultaneously securing the corporate network.How/Why Human Factors Influence PolicyIn order for BYOD programs to work correctly the human factors need to be taken into perspective. When an enterprise owns their devices they can dictate the use and configuration. Having employees bring their own BYOD into the enterprise their device is configured to their own needs and priorities that are wildly different from the enterprise standard configuration. As a network grows and technology enhances individuals rely on the BYOD the network access policy will be at odds with their employees at accessing information, that theyll look for ways to get around the system which in turns makes bad productivity. If we keep in mind that with growing consumerization of IT and speedy pace of new and developing technologies, many employees of companies are nearly as technically savvy as their IT department.The lowly employee of finding tools that enhances their job better than what the company issues, but uses the alternative programs under the radar. A big look at the human resource (HR) is having the concern of having proper legal framework in place and constructed to take into concentration on occasions when staff leave the company and take their own devices with them could have confidential information that holds the companies intellectual property that another company can use or a hacker take advantage of for future cyber attack.ConclusionAs time goes on the human factors does have a great influences in policies that are created by organizations to deal with international cyber-security issues. The four cyber security issues that were presented in the paper from zero-day exploits, meta-data collected and used by private and public escorts, vulnerability assessments for mobile devices in the BYOD environment, and threats to copy right and ownership of intellectual property was identify that each topic was influence by human factors that developed rules and policies to decrease the rises of cyber security incidents that accuser around the world. As we consume more electronic devices their will be more adjustment to topics that were presented, withnew security issues which will bring new recommended control policies to balance the international cyber security threat at hand.Work Cited1. Bill Morrow, BYOD security challenges control and protect your most sensitive data, Network Security, Vo lume 2012, Issue 12, December 2012, Pages 5-8, ISSN 1353-4858, http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(12)70111-3. 2. SANS Institute (2008) Security Policy for the use of handheld devices in corporate environments. Retrieved from http//www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/pda/security-policy-handheld-devices-corporate-environments-32823?show=security-policy-handheld-devices-corporate-environments-32823&cat=pda 3. Pacific, Lisa. . BYOD security strategies Balancing BYOD risks and rewards. N.p., 28 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. . 4. A clear-eyed guide to Androids actual security risks. InfoWorld. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. . 5. Graf, O. P. (2013, April 12). The Physical Security of Cyber Security. Retrieved from http//vpnhaus.ncp-e.com/2013/04/12/vpns-and-common-sense-policies-make-byod-safer/ 6. Growth of Internet Piracy. Congressional Digest, 90(9), 258-288. 7. History of the Internet Piracy Debate. (2011). Congressional Digest, 90(9), 258-288. 8. NILL, A., SCHIBROWSKY, J., & PELTIE R, J. W. (2010). Factors That Influence Software Piracy A View from Germany.Communications Of The ACM, 53(6), 131-134. doi10.1145/1743546.1743581 8. OSS-Piracy. (2009). Alleviating piracy through open source strategy An exploratory employment of business software rms in China. Retrieved 4/18/2014 from http//infojustice.org/download/gcongress/open_business_models/yang%20article.pdf. 9. Rideout, B. (2011). Printing the Impossible Triangle The Copyright Implications of Three-Dimensional Printing, Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & Law. available at http//digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/jbel/vol5/iss1/610. Thompson, C (2012) 3-D printings forthcoming legal morass. Wired.co.uk. Obtained from http//www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-05/31/3-D-printing-copyright11.Traphagan, M., & Griffith, A. (1998). Software Piracy and globular Competitiveness Report on Global Software Piracy. International Review Of Law, Computers & Technology,12(3), 431-451. doi10.1080/13600869855298 12. Vulnerabil ities/Threats (2009). Tech Insight How Attackers Use Your Metadata Against You. Retrieved from http//www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilitiesthreats/tech-insight-how-attackers-use-your-metadata-against-you/d/d-id/1130395? 13. Atarashi, R., Miyake, S., Baker, F., (2002). Policy Control Nework Architecture using Metadata. Pro. Int. Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata for e-Communities. Retreived from http//www.bncf.net/dc2002/program/ft/poster1.pdf14. Harris, S., (1976). CISSP exam guide. ISBN 978-0-07-178174-9

Mathematics and Linguistics Essay

How is Mathematics and Linguistics related with all(prenominal) other? Linguistics is the science of oral communication. Linguists attendk to understand the proper uses of natural human quarrel. How spoken communications are social organizationd, how and why they vary and change, how they are acquired, and how people, in communicating use them. Mathematics on the other hand is the language of science. It is used to understand areas as diverse as the structure of DNA and the motions of planets.Mathematics abstracts the fundamental have a go at it at the heart of an specimen, frequentlyfinding connections with other, initially contradictory problems. Language is a universal theory. Everyone uses language as a form of communication. This is the same in Mathematics. Math, like linguistics can be downhearted down into many different sub-categories such as geometry, trigonometry, algebra, etc. Algebra, being a great example of this because, instead of using words, it uses symbols to convey an idea. Forming sentences is like forming an equation. Once the pattern is understood, a person who speaks this type of language is able to understand.Onceone knows the pattern, it is easy to understand the overall meaning of a language without unconstipated knowing the vocabulary therefore linguistics like mathematics is a universal concept. In my search and study of mathematics and linguistics I discovered how important and inter-related both subject areas are to apiece other.Mathematical linguistics is the study of statistical structure of texts and the construction of mathematical models of the phonological and grammatical structure of languages. Today, the fields of linguistics are used by computer scientists, engineers, and bymathematicians who are interested in the nature of language processing.To summarize,math deals a lot with patterns, as does linguistics, so dread patterns is very important. Noam Chomsky , a famed Linguist and Philosopher once stated A li nguist does not need to have deep understanding of the more complicated fields of mathematics However a good linguist, is educated enough to see a pattern in language and from there, they are able to properly study and dissect the on going patterns and changes that occurs with languages everyday.

Oppressive Government Essay

As humans we have shargond fundamental needs. Take personal survival of the fittest as an example. To meet this need we must ensure our safety from the effect of each other and from the violence of people who atomic number 18 not members of our society. The mechanism to serve . . . this . . . goal is a organisation. Because I agree with doubting Thomas Attig, I must affirm the topic that an heavy government is more desirable than no government. beforehand I continue, Id like to define a few key terms in the topic. All definitions are from American Heritage.Oppressive is defined as unjust or difficult to bear.Government is the bring of authority in a political unit.Desirable is defined as worth having or seeking, as by being useful or advantageous.Since the topic asks us to evaluate the most desirable blank space for humanity, my Value Premise is Individual Welfare. In order to achieve individual welfare, my criteria are1)The preservation of kindly order2)The fulfillment of f undamental needs.The only way in which to ensure individual welfare is to have got societal stability while at the same time sheltering the individual.My first contention is that an oppressive government is more desirable than no government because government, in any form, go outs reliable advantages that are undoable for the state of nature to provide.(1)First of all, a government provides individuals with external security. In other words, the mere existence of a government allows for society as a whole to have a defense mechanism against overseas powers because agovernment must provide such testimonial in order to preserve itself. The absence seizure of a government, however, would leave individuals defenseless from outside aggressors. Any government, oppressive or not, provides for this basic external security, which is a prerequisite to securing fundamental needs.(2)Secondly, government possesses the ability to maintain order within society. As Austin Fagothey states An archists judge that society can get along without authority, but this opinion is too optimistic for what is socially upright for us is not known equally for all benefits and burdens must be distributed to all, and someone must carry among various means the ones to be cooperatively used. Thus even if a government is oppressive, it still acts as an enforcement mechanism by regulating interaction between individuals and preventing them from encroaching on each others rights, hence securing a greater degree of indigentdom for individuals.George Crowder concurs that Government is able to secure an area of free choice by forcibly preventing others from encroaching upon it. In contrast, the state of nature lacks this common judge to sink disputes and is therefore perpetually insecure for individuals. Even if some order exists without government, it cannot be maintained for any noteworthy period of time because conflicts will inevitably occur over finite resources. Thus oppressive go vernments provide for the protection of fundamental needs that individuals lack in the state of nature due to the lack of adjudication.(3)Third, individuals are generally guaranteed a minimal protection of life under an oppressive government. Oppressive governments are not primarily concerned with taking away life because by organizationatically killing all of their subjects, such governments would be diminishing their own power. A. John Simmons agrees that the attempt to get another in ones power indicates precisely an intention not to kill but rather only to control or use another in some way . . .. This attempt shows a design only on their freedom, not on their lives (since individuals are valueless without their lives).Although oppressive governments have been known to violate life in certain instances, individuals can avoid such persecution by not speaking out against the government. Thus individuals at least(prenominal) know how to securetheir rights under subjugation whereas in the state of nature, no such method to protect rights exists. Oppressive systems therefore generally ensure protection of life because individuals know how to avoid any political encroachments. Thus society under an oppressive government is more desirable because it ensures a minimum protection of rights that the negative can in no way ensure.My second contention is that an oppressive government is more desirable than no government because society with an oppressive government is more conducive to reform. If we examine the topic, heaviness is going to occur on both sides. Thus its important to weigh the risks involved.(1)First of all, an oppressive system possesses more authorisation for reform. Under an oppressive government, all individuals know who their common enemy is, and they are sensitive of the origin of the threat to their liberty. Simply because of this awareness, individuals are able to unite more effectively against this one consolidation of power. Vicente Medi na explains that in an oppressive government, we would be able to appeal to those established rules without resulting to violence, whereas under an anarchical state of affairs the positive threat of violence would undermine the development of an ethical and legal community, and consequently the development of our moral capacities. Moreover, the oppression invoked by a government may be merely short term. Thus more potential for change exists under an oppressive government because it would be much easier to reform the existing system than it would be to create an entirely new system.(2)(2) Secondly, the state of nature, in contrast, has more potential for oppression. The absence of a government allows for conflicts to exist on many levels. Individuals, conferences, and organizations would constantly be involved in variety of struggles, and each group would be vying for its own selfish interests. The state of nature is therefore characterized by a lack of unity. Because individuals are so divided in this state of nature, it becomes virtually impossible to unite and achieve a consensus on establishing a government. Thus the lack of unification hinders the pursuit of establishing a just system. Individuals needs and the social expressionare therefore best protected under an oppressive government, which possesses a greater possibility for reform, therefore ensuring a great degree of individual welfare.