Toilet Facilities in All Schools

Toilet Facilities in All schooldayss &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Toilet Facilities in All directs Encour advance and contribute to developing the necessary partnership amongst the state of Maharashtra and the Government of Indias platformmes to establish toilet facilities in all in all disciplines. The Indian regime has launched a foc utilise campaign to step-up the households in the country that have toilets by 2010. Additionally, we go a agency target the urgent take away for beguile toilets for boys and girls, together with a hand-washing facility in every school in Maharashtra.Name Toilet Facilities in all Schools Status root word Region and Country Maharashtra, India Partners Beneficiaries Funding Need Budget Duration penetrate political programme Activities Each year two million children die from diarrhoetic diseases, making it the second almost serious kille r of children under the geezerhood of five. The main source of diarrhoeal infection is gentlemans gentleman excreta. It seems clear therefore, that human excreta should be managed as a potentially dangerous material. The verbal expression of latrines is a relatively simple engineering science that whitethorn be used to control the spread of pathogenic diseases.Studies have shown that latrine coverage has to reach 90% of a population to have an impact on lodge health. In Maharashtra, 85% of hoidenish households and 54% of all households have no recover at all to a toilet facility. While the Indian government is making great strides in the availability of toilets, this programme looks to increase protagonism and education necessary to convince quite a little to use the toilets, and to create separate male and female toilets in schools together with hand-washing facilities.It is primary(prenominal) to gain policy-making support and government commitment to the programme. A m ix of mass media and amicable colloquy is the best way to deliver the key programme messages. demo sites for the selected technologies be important, as is the training of topical anaesthetic people in operating theatre and upkeep methods. It is also necessary to provide reasonable funding options and incentives to even up the technology affordable. Intended Results Latrine facilities, separate for boys and girls, with a hand-washing facility allow for be established in all schools.A latrine promotion programme will teach students and the local anesthetic people about why and how to use the latrines through and through association employment, radio messages, and other kindly trade strategies. The whirl of this latrine constitution in schools will be used to control the spread of infectious diseases, and press toilet usage at a young age to school children to convey proper usage and knowledge at inhabitation. Programme Management and Implementation This programme has numerous figures of implementation. Background Data The prototypic step is to become familiar with the local area and school systems.The toleration of latrines varies from culture to culture and it is important to understand where the areas of potential resistance delusion so as to direct promotion efforts efficiently. Conducting interviews can help to congeal users likes and dislikes as well as identify current hygiene causes. This learning is essential to the devisening of a sanitization promotion program that will match the customs and attitudes of the users. Planning Phase The information gathered during the undercoat study of the local people can be used to plan a custom tailored sanitation promotion program. The initial lanning phase should consist of selection of the key messages to be promoted and a matching appropriate technology. The key messages need to be based on existing ideas, because it is such(prenominal) harder to introduce radical or rapid changes in a population. The inwardness ideas should be kept simple and to the point. It is easiest for people to grasp a hardly a(prenominal) straightforward ideas, rather than a long list of suggested improvements. The type of latrine selected should be low-cost, appropriate for the geographic area, and match with existing customs of anal cleaning and defecation habits as much as possible.Once the key messages and technology have been selected a marketing draw close moldiness be developed. juvenile efforts in promotion programs related to socio-cultural publications have centered on social marketing techniques. amicable marketing uses the approaches of economics to advance social change. Social marketing advocates a demand driven approach to sanitation. Therefore, a successful sanitation program needs to create a demand for latrines. This is carry out by offering affordable technology, but also by increase the social desirability of latrines.Studies have shown that the reasons people want latrines are less(prenominal) for health concerns than for social status, privacy, comfort and convenience (WHO, 2000). It should therefore, be the goal of either sanitation program to foster these feelings to increase the social demand for latrines. Since social status is one of the driving ciphers in latrine demand, it is important to recruit handsome people and community leaders to the cause of sanitation. Sanitation promotion by these leaders will increase the acceptability of latrines (Ikin, 1994).While the role of community leaders may be important, so is the participation of the average community member. Community based efforts have been shown to be more effective than out-of-door intervention (WHO, 2000). The marketing approach must select key populations deep down the community to act as agents of change and use appropriate take of communication to reach the target audience. Implementation Implementing a latrine promotion program requires outreach and education of the masses, as well as, cost reduction strategies. It is also important to consider the interactions of any institutions involved in the project schools, government, and construction company) and the issue of sustainability. The most effective method of outreach is person-to-person visits (UNICEF, 2002). These visits are used to take hygiene and practiced information, as well as encourage hearty behaviour changes. Other methods, such as radio and television programming, intelligence groups, and school curriculums, may be incorporated depending on the community answer of these types of media. Radio or television programming has worked well in areas with senior high school coverage by these media. Broadcast programming is most effective when through in the native language.Discussion groups are a good way to encourage community participation in the project. They may also be a way to disperse technical information to a enormous population through demonstration sites. Introducin g hygiene curriculum in the local schools works well in areas of high school attendance and dependable school systems. Children can act as powerful agents of change when they practice proper hygienic behaviours in the classroom and then bring these behaviours home with them (UNICEF, 2002). It is also hoped that children will retain these positive traits into adulthood.A significant factor to consider in any sanitation program is the cost to the spick-and-span technology. High cost is the number one deterrent for the spread of latrine construction (Cotton, 1998). It is important to select low-cost technologies for sanitation projects in the developing world. umpteen sanitation promotion programs rely on the support of both the local government and NGO. Whenever there are multiple institutions working together on a project it is important to have a clear anatomical structure of goals and methods of implementation. Care must be taken non to duplicate efforts or damage the working relationship between the partner institutions.Where large institutions are involved it is helpful to establish community contacts to ensure effective communication from the field to the institute headquarters. Although the introduction of improved sanitation services may be difficult, ensuring the sustainability of these services may be even more so. The most important step towards sustainability is the involvement of the community from the start of the project. bulk, students, and the school must learn to take ownership and pride in their latrines. Social marketing strategies can aid in the increased acceptance and demand for latrines.School programming is also an important step towards educating the future of sanitary behaviour. other tactic is to train local artisans to construct and maintain latrines. These artisans may course small businesses to market their skills, thus increasing the economy drive tooshie latrine use. Above all the program must be adaptable and pliant en ough to change with the needs and demands of the people being served. Programme supervise and Evaluation Programme monitoring and valuation will occur to oversee the instalment of toilets in schools, how many children are using the toilets, and possible reasons for not using the toilets.Community attitudes will also be monitored and surveys will be conducted to see if toilet usage increases in surrounding school communities. acquirement and Dissemination Related Resources Sanitation and hygiene promotion programs started in India in the 1980s with the support of UNICEF. The initial violence was on technical solutions, specifically the promotion of twin-pit pour-flush latrines. The government and UNICEF advocated the construction of these latrines as the national standard for cost-efficient sanitation. However, the idea was never widely accepted and latrine coverage in campestral areas remained less than 10 percent.The cost of latrine construction was considered too high and p eople saw little motivation for use. Between 1986-1987, UNICEF performed some(prenominal) micro-field studies to determine preference methods to sanitation promotion. The results indicated that the lack of community involvement was detrimentally to the program. The studies also revealed several reasons behind peoples reluctance to use the new latrines. People avoided latrine use for fear of breaking it, or because they believed it more sanitary to stool in the fields away from the house, or because they preferred to use the latrine as a storage facility.The high cost of the twin-pit pour-flush toilets was also often beyond the means of many poor communities. The results of these studies lead to a new approach in sanitation promotion in India in the nineties. The new emphasis was on lower-cost latrines and sanitary behaviour changes. A community-based approach was used to promote behaviour change. Efforts were made to increase household visits, school programming and consideratio ns for sexuality issues. Sanitation issues were linked with other health concerns in an attempt to increase motivation for latrine usage.A program evaluation in the mid 1990s indicated that person-to-person visited could be highly effective, but that 3-4 visits were required for every latrine installed. The campaign costs associated with this method of promotion are therefore quite high. School programs were developed to teach children hygienic behaviours, including the use of a latrine. The hope is that the children will than bring these behaviours home with them, thereby acting as agents of change in their communities. The new promotion plan also stressed the role of women in sanitation and household hygiene management.Lack of proper sanitation facilities has traditionally been more detrimental to women than to men. Due to the lack of privacy, many women may stay until nightfall to relieve themselves, leading to serious health problems and kidney failure. The lack of sanitation facilities has also been a barrier to girls attending school. The restructuring of the sanitation promotion program has attempted to address these issues by including women in health discussions and the operation and maintenance of the new latrines. The key to sanitation promotion in India has been balancing the technical and social aspects of sanitation services.Since the introduction of community based promotion methods, rural India has seen sanitation coverage increase from nearly zero to 14% musical composition total sanitation coverage increased to 31%. Community involvement and self-financing methods lead to the construction of more than 350,000 latrines in one county alone. An impact evaluation in 1999 showed consistently better excreta disposal practices in communities alive(p) in the promotion programs. The study indicated that future sanitation promotion efforts should focus on social marketing techniques and community management of latrines.