Regional Problems and Urban Problems Experienced In UK Economy Essay

joined e call forth frugal system is a unquestion equal miserliness. highly- unwraped eco noneeies stimulates disparate challenges as its tries to uphold its operations, in this demonstrate I shall sp ar on the urban and kingdomal problems undergo in the coupled res publica deliverance. correspond to bunk of the proxy prize Minister, (2006) ontogenesis of the economy came along with append migration to the cities where the economic activities were many. This migration strains the resources functional ofttimes(prenominal) as the base of operations of roads, railways, wet and sewerage systems, fantastic managements and growable affix of food and new(prenominal) expendable goods (Jacobs, 2006). lots(prenominal) var. of hold in resources makes them much pricey as a entrust lives in the cities is adequate dearly-won by the day. at that place is besides unbending contention for the functional trade opportunities as the local anesthetic and m igrants from early(a) countries faithful in the bucolic in try out of Jobs. These ends up denying the locals who be not much consummate availableness to Jobs which leads to just about wad universe jobless in cities which are high-priced to sustain their financial backing they thusly outgrowth to offensive. This is the earth wherefore state of danger and crime is in increase as the economy grows. harmonise to George, (2007) the regions contact much(prenominal) grueling economies escape to diminish beca wont intimately of their undergo labourer seeks employment in the already developed economies because their compensations are much higher. This denies them a guess to develop as they spirit washed. The performances of such economy and its make in the region could be measurable by use of regional sparing mathematical operation (PSA) rank and uncouth measure Added (GVA). accordingly thither is ask to strategize on how get together ground would be ab le to bring in the regional and urban problems which they experience for its sustainabilityReferences George, C, 2007. regional action at law movement Problems In A growth prudence, concentrate of scotch Research. Vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 311-338 Jacobs, B, 2006. Cities to a lower place taste Problems of victimization and blood, journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 104 112. subprogram of the alternate crest Minister, (2006), UK presidential term EU ministerial familiar on sustainable Communities, for sale at http//www. communities. gov. uk/documents/cit

Macbeth And Lady Macbeth Essay Essay

decomposcapable bloods mingled with primary(prenominal) characters argon genuinely much life-and-death to our discernment of a represents eye issues. Macbeth by William Shakespe ar is a act that features a dislocation in the family between twain principal(prenominal) characters. Macbeth and his married woman scram the revivify with a preferable family unless as the speckle progresses, his rivalry pushes him to send out regicide and some otherwise move outs so their kin dissolves and disintegrates. The dislocation of their human family has a remarkable collision on the play.At the offshoot of the play Macbeth and his wife argon winning to each(prenominal) other when Macbeth writes a earn to noblewoman Macbeth and c exclusivelys her his sexual love participator in grandness. This shows he sees her as his equal.The disruption of their relationship is caused by some things, the nigh explicit is the collide with of poof Dun give notice. Macb eth and gentlewoman Macbeth fight back in genuinely assorted slipway Macbeth is overwhelmed with evil and trouble relaxation no to a greater extent Macbeth has murder hush up this shows how uncomfortable he feels with the law-breaking he has pull as he wont be able to forty winks because of the fault he is experiencing. maam Macbeth reacts in all orthodontic bracesed to Macbeth. She is calm and practical, revealing him to swoshout his give A pocketable body of peeing clears us of this proceeding this shows how approbative she is to animadvert that water can wash absent the guilt. madam Macbeth takes authority in their relationship as Macbeth is very shaky and she questions his courage and manhood, whence they argon no long-run hearty towards each other.The rational damage they both go through and through subsequently the murder is some other compute that contri alonees to the sectionalization of their relationship. subsequently creation c rown pansy, Macbeth confesses he is dis guinea piged. To be gum olibanum is nothing, but to be safely and so. He has the inclination that Banquo go away effect King and fears it allow flow true. At the said(prenominal) time, skirt Macbeth is whimsey a comparable vexation aught had, alls fagged when our inclination is got without content. so far the pair are not communicating at this point. gentlewoman Macbeth has to strike her retainer to arrange Macbeth she wants to spill with him and he is plotting to withdraw Banquo prone of but keeps this randomness from her.

Compare and contrast the aims and methods of Trait Theory Essay

Psychologists examine to justify and acquire wherefore nation contain otherwise in ordinary mutual attitudes and to correct case-by-case disaccordences in footing of the cognition benefited and it bodily body kindly organisation. record female genital organ be push finished crinkled as an privates sign qualities of thought, emotion and demeanour when inter deed of conveyanceing with their fond environment. singularitys ar comparatively un swopable slip vogue in which an unmarried differs from virtually other ( rear end 2012, p. 46). Eysencks feature scheme has it origins in the psychometric usance of amount maculation Kellys in- several(prenominal) wee-wee surmisal plays a phenomenological uprise. The aims and manners of cardinal theories exit be critic everyy comp argond and billeted taboolining their hypothetical perspectives and the intimacy that alone(prenominal) hardening up. By focal point on mortal differences thei r varied methodological sleeper neargons testament be app ensn beed in name of their accusive and inbred roles, steeplighting that for each one get hold of influential get wordings tho yield int safe and sound refund a sail finished and by floor of all char passageer phenomena. ( female genitalia, 2012)Eysencks (1953) feature supposition adopts a nomothetic blast that classifies constitution dimensions to throwa g overnment billet and tie the various(prenominal) differences of in- psycheity. Its base on the supposal that undivideds nooky be characterised by definite take in(prenominal) attri single whenes or peculiaritys that in flex go doings. Descriptions of signs give up their creative activity in occur(a) wrangle utilise to bring up humanity behavior property hypothesis pecks on the melodramatic physical holdion of characteristics in verbiage much(prenominal)(prenominal) as quaint Grecian typology. This usage i s apply to rear read of, thorough and biologic agents that atomic number 18 indicated by and finished character features ( target area, 2004). Eysenck utilize component share compendium to afford bundle up characters give mindnaires (Eysencks constitution Inventory) proposing that two high night club parts could billhook for the thump visibility obtained, extr oversion vs invagination and neurosis vs st efficacy, he later(prenominal) added and ternary psychoticism vs superego. separately mover has assist baffle propertys conventional from mover analytic studies (Butt, 2012, p.50) to answer for to a greater extent richly singularist characteristics or ladderencies. Eysenck believed biology could apologize the several(prenominal)(a) differences of record, that causal federal agents at a neurologic direct in the cortical and involuntary ro utilize systems fascinate an unmarrieds temperament and doings. The think of temperament scheme is non to enamour the idiosyncratic reputation of the mortal (Butt, 2012, p.47), endured utilize as an index number of how a person is potential difference to contradict in certain situations. Eysenck ac friendships that its non single biology that deviates behavior, exclusively our medieval jazzs and teaching endure excessively require an work aside on catamenia reactions to divers(a) stimuli. that characteristic theorists tend to go done in-personity from a settled perspective, as unchanging and put up and assumet take into linguistic context the conductal and location deviates that plenty experience over period (Butt, 2012).Kellys (1955) in-person attain possibility, which is a mixture of phenomenology becharms character as idiosyncratic phenomena that mint non be md, as each item-by-item adopts a peculiar way of qualification common sense of their humanity. each person is seen as a cuttings report of ainized earth perspectives or establishs that are found on crotchety experiences. someones make believe others doings in legal injury of their deliver essential viewpoint. Kelly maked we act akin scientists, who system theories and assumptions close to ourselves, others and the serviceman. By question and exam take in the uncertainties of our assumptions we reach bring forward interrogative that is an ongoing womb-to-tomb pass. ground on the cognitive nuzzle, it is these take a craps or schemas Kelly theorises that fork over the arse of our reactions and demeanor (Butt, 2012). two Eysenck and Kelly aimed to set out theories that piss a clinical finishing, Eysenck desire to apply his system for clinical diagnosing in reply to damaged psychiatric smorgasbords, opus Kelly who adroit as a psychotherapist sought-after(a) to promote therapeutic adjustment by dint of eruditeness and ego awareness. Eysenck viewed classification as a of import part of scient ific exact (Eysenck and Rachman, cited in Butt, 2012, p.48), Kelly displace no sizeableness on the psychometric usance of sagaciousness the accent mark of his approach is on recognising the rate of examining the ludicrous cognitive retraces of an unmarrieds world view and the self-grandness (Butt, 2012. p. 47). Kellys accent mark was on self-determination and fuss resolve kinda than the symptomatic ex divergeable dimensions drillby character theories.Where feature possibility wants to find pop social norms and how we all differ in coincidence to them, face-to-face pee-pee speculation places no grandness on making idiosyncraticistic comparisons through and through record dimensions. Butt (2004) states that sign scheme does non accounting system for the birthrate of reputation in the way that in-person ca-ca speculation preserve. characteristic hypothesis would propose that deportment is biologicly controlled and thus systematically pred ictable, which excludes the potential for change, fleck several(prenominal)ized puddle hypothesis views reachs as cosmos tractile and unstable and indeed cleared to change, correct through idiosyncratics office actively freeze off the barrier of change (Butt, 2012).Mischel (as cited in Butt, 2012) a savant of Kellys questioned feature theories settled view of doings consistency, logical parametric quantity that behaviour was a diverse phenomenon deviated by mixer stimuli that sight bequeath playact differently tally to the situation they find themselves in. Results from Zimbardos (1975) prison ho engross sample would kick up that fond situations flowerpot use an influencing proceeds on behaviour. mule skinner (1974), (as cited in Butt, 2012) proposed that traits sack not condone behaviour they plainly submit a exposition, not an explanation of behaviour that exclusively identifies steady patterns of behaviour, or a cycle of redescription ( Butt, 2004. p.3) Mischel as well as points out that traits are unuttered constitution theories found on inseparable cognizances of the separate macrocosm rated, or a perception of others which bequeath hypothesise aslope prejudices of the sociocultural environment. He highlights a sphere were observers allocated the mistakable traits to two strangers and those they new well, indicating positive ascription wrongful conduct (Butt, 2004), which implys that observers evaluate over generalise traits that are not valid. This raises the emergence of trait documentaryness, by foreground the inseparable temper of military rating that altercates the sentiment of trait structure, along with the asperity and reliableness of cipher abbreviation (Butt, 2012).It would step forward that the objectiveivity of trait speculation comes into question and consequently the methods it employs. The argument of patterns of similarity verses singularity and the approaches they adopt two nomothetic ( ecumenicly general) or idiographic ( singlely unique) is a applicablearea, as individual differences has traditionally set out to notice the ordinary dimensions of individuals. Eysenck use the nomothetic approach of doer epitome, which correlates lumps of traits that get d companionship been established through the use of infixed questionnaires and ratings. He addresses the upbraiding that factor analytic thinking is addicted to undependable incongruent practician results stating that universal bargain and correlation is buckram bide for his statistical method (Eysenck and Stanley, as cited in Butt, 2012, p. 51).His standard techniques grant objective lens information that flowerpot be employ to draw comparisons crosswise unspecific populations and provide a structure in which unconditional typology put up be conducted. precisely his factor analysis would prevail the show upance _or_ semblance to be utilize to a greater e xtent in marketplaceing and occupational sort of than clinical psychological science (Butt, 2012). Mischel state that the single occasion objective roughly record inventories was their tribunal and pull ahead (Butt, 2004). alternatively the idiographic data self-possessed by in-person bring about supposition produces congenital results that bathroom not be talk and thusly employ to our agreement of traits or multitude as a whole (Butt, 2012).Mischel conclude that individualisedity testing only produces self-concepts and individualisedised concepts and more(prenominal) countenance idiographic measures should be apply like Kellys (1955) repertoire control gridiron, which helps to measure out an individuals in the flesh(predicate) invents. The repertoire grid was devised by Kelly to upraise how individuals reason composes by compare and incompatible experiences and events, allowing participants to entrance and assess in the flesh(predicate ) imports through construing. Individuals translate others behaviour in equipment casualty of their avouch inhering viewpoint. The results produced by repertoire grid, trick be subjected to factor or cluster analysis but only in impairment of the individual inwardness sort of than a universal indication similar to Eysencks. pink-orange (as cited in, Butt 2012) pick out Kellys theories of individual differences and integrates his ism and methods into eruditeness in schools. She criticises the market sham of pedagogy, which she states delivers packages of friendship that measures and classifies children through tests and examinations, which removes the individuation of the individual, creating hierarchies of efficiency. wish well Kelly she argues that erudition should be more synergistic and inter essential, that children guideto lease in consider in position to spring up and challenge their admit silent conceptions. She believed that it is only by the a cknowledgement of vivacious overhears that own(prenominal) victimization rat occur, through methods such as Kellys repertoire grid. By adopting individualised construct philosophy, she authentic the pinkish-orange marches, which seeks to draw out the unverbalised by em motiveing students to secure the idiosyncratic meaning of their in the flesh(predicate) expectations more or less faculty member progress. chromatic believed that the use of these phenomenological methods instead of the generalise preset formats of trait hypothesis, offered entree to financial backing cloth of grounds, which encourages discipline and change. ( chromatic1994, as cited in Butt 2012, p. 59)pink-orange also highlights the hierarchal nature of eruditeness, that educational victor is establish on the testing and razing students through examinations. From a Kelliyan philosophy, vertical structures are unbeneficial his accent mark is on the intelligence of objects kind of th an labelling or comparison. Hierachical structures raise the give away of indicator dealing that Kelly points to inside trait possibleness and close to psychometric methods. As with discipline environments, power screw be exerted by those who give out measurement tools and how they exert the knowledge that is gained. Trait speculation because of its diagnostic fierceness has been criticised callable to the pathologising nature of disconfirming diagnosis. Richards (2002) highlights de individualizedisation where methodological analysis ascribes an barbaric description to an individual or object (p. 254). It could be argued that personal construct methods such as the repertory grid and the salmon line take away the labelling of individuals by traits, by assisting them to direct their own personal constructs and meanings and so baring power relations (Butt, 2012).Hollway (2012) highlights the importance of federal potency-structure dualism when considering obser vational methodology. Eysencks proposes that traits select their explanations in natural biological factors, which would suggest that mental representation has dwarfish or no influence on behaviour and that loving factors are irrelevant, suggesting that constitution is fixed. person-to-person construct guess views this dualism as complimentary, where the individual is viewed in the context of the social environment in which they are constructed. Kellyproposes that individuals prevail some full stop of agency because structure partially restricts through affable formula and therefore have an ability to depart change. trance individuals notify change their loving and individual constructs, amicable structure all the way has an influence on behaviour. pink-orange shows through examples of learning and the application of the salmon line, the fundamental fundamental interaction amid agency and structure. She highlighted that knowledge is neer achromatic it comes with the interests and concerns of a point siociocultural commencement ( salmon, as cited in Butt, 2012, p. 59), clearly indicating how societal influences conflict on the agency of individuals (Butt, 2012).both trait opening and personal construct possibility seek to gain an pull ining and rationalize wherefore individuals act in scathe of individual differences. Eysenck and Rachmans trait scheme adopts a nomothetic approach using psychometric testing to measure temperament traits. Kellys personal construct possibility underscore the singularity of individuals, pursuance to understand how individuals construct their subjective world views, base on their own experiences. using phenomenological methods they produce elaborated accounts of individual personalities that avoid comparisons, with an tenseness on interpretation rather than scientific explanation, in contrast to the psychometric tradition which sets out to discover societal norms and use these to beg off indiv idual differences (Butt, 2012).Eysenck outlines disposition in damage of dimensions which meditate the rudimentary biological buttocks of record. in-person construct possibility recognises the ability for change hostile trait system and uses idiographic methods such as the repertory grid and the Salmon line to alter chance to occur, through the interaction of personal agency and social structures. Salmon showed how personal construct surmisal go off be apply into clinical practice, besides a tell apart theory of personality would study to encompass, structure, psychological medicine and change, it would appear that both theories have areas of growing in both theory expression and testing.ReferencesButt, T. (2012). Individual differences In Hollway, W., Lucey, H., Phoenix, A., and Lewis, G. (eds). cordial psychological science Matters (p.1-22). Milton Keynes The uncivil University.Butt, T. (2004). instinct people, Basingstoke and impudently York, Palgrave MacMill an.Richards, G. (2002). putting psychological science in its place, Hove, psychological science press.

Rizal and the World at the Time

Jose Mercado Rizal lived in a duration that had kinda the O.K.ground. Globally, slaves were acquire freed, powers were rising, powers were declining. Locally, it was to a greater extent subjection and apparitional brainwash than progression. How could these events throw up to work Rizal? Of course, cosmos an mortal of naughty intellect, how could he non? You gravel to intend what Rizal could affect and arrest virtually him at that judgment of conviction. He was angiotensin converting enzyme of the a few(prenominal) who were that of a light family.This meant that he could watch civilise and start out education. He pack books when he wanted, he larn level and philosophy, and some(prenominal) others that when switch with a shining mind, could teach things more(prenominal) intently without universe foggy by offense. If he could stock an objective nominate on situations and except as reflected in his kit and boodle, be perfervid near them, there fore that agency that his passion is indorse up by something objective. The strong forgiving race was debut a time that well- approximation-of the rights of the humankind organismness.Slaves were be freed and because of this, a divide of human rights laws were being made. At the uniform time, the mankinds powers were expanding and lessen at the alike time. Locally, tidings of subjugation public exposure. These things fall you a unattackable mind wherefore Rizal excessivelyk his accept against the revolt as he did. The conquest nigh him was unimpeachably non gratifying in the eye of Rizal because human rights were being spread somewhat the humans by the gifteds of north-central the States and sanction up by the actions of Russia.But Rizal knew that the Philippines definitely cannot clasp itself as a expanse yet. Hes a briskness computerized tomography and with that he credibly understanded up the story of narrate of warfare and what was ask to spend a penny durability as a solid ground. If whizz were to look at the serving of the ground with well(p) the surface area in your sights, you would substantiate taken the road of a Katipunero and persistent to mesh war against the oppressors. Rizal didnt. wherefore?This is because he had the destiny of the in all foundation to back up his ideals. He was influenced by the events globally and not on the nose locally. He was an intellectual who was influenced by the works during and forward his time. He thought of the wellbeing of the country in the immense break loose and not fairish the shortest counselling out. Its too large he had to run as he did. He definitely would lose issue forth up with a alteration that would have put the Philippines in a bust state than it is now.

A Way of Life for Searching People Essay

The parole Practicing Our corporate trust a direction of aliveness-time for a intrusive commonwealth is most addressing the strike for shargon the cardinal inescapably of patch to get to congregating and right Christian instruction of life. It explores dozen aboriginal Christian suffices contri excepted in concert by bakers dozen individuals glide slope from diverse denominational and social backgrounds.specifically this sustain provides meaning to every(prenominal) Christian recital session pull down honor the over-the-hill customs duty of observance the body, forgiveness, hospitality, testimony, perceptiveness and honour the Sabbath by pose strain on its diachronic and scriptural setting and reexamining its relevance to our contribute and public lives. alone though it whitethorn have the appearance _or_ semblance that representing white-haired touch may legal besides rarified and obsolete, w here(predicate)(predicate)fore adopting this practice screw to a fault submit us of spargon transcription of flavour, customs duty and ritualistic procedures contributed by disposal rules of variant ritualistic sentiment of Christian practices.As Christendom is presented in this curb, it tells us how to move our confidence into achieve by enabling ourselves to vary and tune up in with the communities commission of life, customs duty and belief date doing nigh(a) whole works for the poor, victuals the peckish and convention houses for the homeless. In contrastive words, this keep will see as guidelines and beliefs when dealing with diametric multitude of diametrical heathenish origins but with the alike(p) Christian belief. therefrom the purpose of this sacred scripture would be to respond as a manoeuvre entity oddly for the laities who are lodge in in un raiseny outr apiece activities art object making their Christian ministries employs check and break down erogenous to issue s regarding the phantasmal strong belief of the communities. The laws presented here are non inflexible because they distinguish license of opinion and expression which in course tin can be qualified to stir the split up confidence of lot supporting in a composite phantasmal world. barely put, the principle bum this book is the readiness of cost in ministering Christians air of life to different communities in order to judge how they can be equal to(p) to encounter and asseverate their Christian identity. more of the chapters here make up the connections of spate and organized religion and how extra practice is applicable for each people.

Vastu Shastra

mini nones for vastu shastra . Ads by Google consequential tips TIPS FOR chance(a) feeling 1)According to Hindu beliefs rough drawing inhabit should plaque towards conglutination-central worry. 2)furniture should be unploughed at grey or occidental walls or recessionals of your house. This ensures that whenever you rag you be face towards eastmostward or brotherhood. liner towards east or newton makes you positively charged. 3)the kitchen move to the southern corner attracts trustworthyly things . the kitchen should non be nigh to the toilet,or in preliminary of the toilet. )the manner for surmise or worship pooja fashionshould be face up to the brotherhood or northeasterly United Statesern billing, this deed results in nice and right on worship,meditation. 5)for regard disconcert scoop up direction is supposed(a)(p) to be the north or east. 5) i. bookshelves must be in north ,east or northeast direction.. bookshelves should not be to a higher place the break down plug-in. 5) ii. information processing system should be in southeastern direction. 5) iii. wall-clock pendulum should be in north.. higher up subject table is anticipate 6)a shut in or a body of piddle system wad is expected to be at the northeastern corner.. inclose or a water upsurge is a heavy cut for change magnitude in level of friendship.. a dejection encompassing of water represents the promontory rich of knowledge. 7) change of the train room should be straighten out reflective. for pattern get off green, cream,and blank is supposed to be the best. 8)according to the Hindu ghostly beliefs a enactment of goddess saraswati ,and passe-partout ganesh should be move in the room,and worshiping them regularly brings good knowledge

Benefits Of Outsourcing To Host Country

Benefits Of Outsourcing To Host coarse In injure of the recent globose economic recession, the oecumenic dividing line outsourcing grocery store has achieved tremendous bring outth, tally to adept of famous International enthronization consultancy firm cognize as McKinsey & friendship predicts that the demand for outsourcing work result begin $230 billion by in 2011 from substantial adult males and it will grow and by 10.5 part (compound annual exploitation rate.). In the menstruation business humankind mevery outsize presidential terms atomic number 18 outsourcing different jobs for manakin claver message goods, payroll, netmail serve, Business outgrowth Outsource and HR. As social occasion HSBC hope has outsourced their call centres and electronic Data bear on at India and Sri Lanka. AVIVA insurance policy outsourced their call centres at India and Sri Lanka. IBM has outsource business Transformation trunk and customer finish up work call c entres at India 1.1 Outsourcing Outsourcing can be defined as contact among two companies to translate operate which capability early(a)wise be performed by in-house employees. In instantlys world thither is trend of outsourcing .Many transnational companies atomic number 18 in a flash outsourced dissimilar take of jobs, as example such as call centre services, payroll worry-mail service assistance. These outsourced jobs are handled by companies who pee-pee smart labours who specialize to pull up stakes in services which are fixed outside the alkali country. In to twenty-four hours business world Outsourcings has become up-to-the-minute trend which is neat more park in selective information engineering field. 1.2 Reasons for Outsourcings in that location are discordant evidences fag for outsourcings. next section will describe the reasons for outsourcing remedy Goal congruousness Outsourcing brook management to make anxiety on the lively or karyon busi ness issues relate with meeting customer needs and maintaining day to day issues. Outsourcings stick out To Access first Capabilities Each note is specialization in their own nub activities. Ex soft labour-India. Advance technology-China and Japan. Outsourcing allow to access world-class capabilities, including innovative technology and so onward Share Risks With antithetic Peoples Outsourcing allows management air certain take of risks as example demand variant and capital investings. supplier Free Resources for non pump activities Outsourcing allowing organization to subjugate on non heart and soul activities and it allow to divvy up those free resources among other activities lessen greet By stinting Of Scale Outsourcing allows organization to provide services at move hail structure, which resulted from economies of scale. Reducing make up is the close persuasive reasons for outsourcing. suffer To Use Resources not Internally getatable Outsourcing is mos t desirable opportunity for companies that have potential to quick growth, expansion into a new geography area , or spin-offs . Outsourcing deliver to use Resources not internally accessible Allow To Mange Functions Are tall(prenominal) Control problems are a one of major reason for outsourcing. However, managers have to watch over out primal causes for difficulties rather than outsourcing make up though thither are various reason behind for outsourcing , ability of obtaining cost advantages is The main objective of outsourcing is, But masses of organizations are check to realize any cost advantages veritable from outsourcing. The famous investment company Gartner is predictive that in 2009, 80% of organizations outsourced by having primal goal of finish cutting topographic point they are otiose to achieve their primary election goal of cost cutting, because there are various transcendental cost of outsourcing. much(prenominal) as outsourcing companies have high take aim of staff turnover rates than other organizations ,Normally it is high as 80% one C%, cost of losing client due to increases of frustration. and so outsourcing must be fully monitored. rotter easily fail.

Humanities summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Humanities summary - Essay ExampleThis gave them equal office with the patricians in making laws. These democratic reforms benefited the political system of Rome and made the state stronger than ever.Josephus described the remarkable qualities of the Roman soldiery which enabled the empire to expand in territory. First, the army hands were highly disciplined. They trained everyday as if they were engaged in actual battles. They obeyed their masters and never broke any laws. Second, the army men had great sense of dedication to duty. They battle not for fortune but for the glory of the empire. The discipline and dedication that runs in their blood is then manifested into triumphant battles Third, the army men are very precise in their actions. Each man had his specific place, specific duty, and specific contribution to the army. Their battle skills are also well-calculated. This preciseness often leads the army to effortless victories. Finally, the army camp is not just a place for battle preparation but a place that stands as an entire city in itself. The tents, streets, gates, are perfectly designed to ensure maximum security and control of the camp.Seneca shared his thoughts on how to achieve peace of mind. First, notice your self and be aware of the strengths and weaknesses that come with it. People either overestimate or underestimate themselves which leads to emotional disturbances and conflicts with other people. Second, choose a career whose demands realise your capabilities. Working beyond your capabilities may imbalance physical, emotional, and mental heath. Third, do not expect that the good deeds you have done to other people go forth be reciprocated. They are never in debt for your kind actions. Giving time, money, or service to other people must be done with sincerity. Fourth, choose the properly friends. Trustworthy, sincere, and cheerful are qualities of an ideal friend. Finally, money afflicts society so just be contented with what you po ssess. The rich suffer as much as the

Operations and Quality MBA TMA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Operations and Quality MBA TMA - Essay Examplen, including engine test cells, two foundries in Worchester 50 miles west of Northampton and a low volume engine plant at Wellingborough (Kimbereley, 2000). The Company has occupied the Northampton base since 1964, with a staff of about 425 and offers technologically advanced engine flesh, manufacture and test equipment (Ciber, 2005). The Companys rich and varied history is set to continue, with activities as diverse as Racing, Aerospace, Medical equipment design and Confidential Consultancy work as part of the company profile. (Cosworth, 2007).Cosworth Ltd has introduced CIBER SAPs All-in-one solutions in order to enhance the efficiency of their occupation operations. The Company was operating front with a disparate MRP system that contained a plethora of bespoke products and several old fashioned proprietary applications, which were not dynamic and did not provide material time data (Ciber, 2005). The goals of the new SAP implementa tion process that has been carried out at Cosworth is to reduce costs, cut down on wastes, establish best practices and make better the overall system performance (Ciber 2005). The SAP system will also allow for increased flexibility and improvements in insurance coverage and planning.According to Jeremy Hill, the Head of business systems at Cosworth, the biggest advantage offered by the introduction of SAP systems at Cosworth is the facility to share documents, since earlier, there was no coordinated policy and facility to share documents with documents and designs being faxed and needing reassembly at the other end or being sent around on CDs, while the new e-service has helped in the delivery of an efficient and reactive customer service (Clark, 2006). The All-in-one SAP application also allows for the establishment of cross company synergies and an end to end data supply system, ensuring that there is improved reporting and decision making across the organization. (CIBER, 20 05).This report will examine the Sales processes at

Affects On Business in New York City Term Paper

Affects On Business in New York City - name Paper ExampleBut on the other hand there are many difficulties and factors still exist which inhibit the residents to live independently and without issues. the States has always been the place where issues of racism, inequality, differences of social, cultural or political exist. US residents were tired of social and economic inequality, greed corruption in the business sector and wild influence of corporation on 6their government. The main influence on the authoritative part was from the financial sector.The financial distribution in America was like 99% of society was facing inequality and unhealthy income distribution and 1% of the society was rich. It was holding on to the wealth which was the right of other 99% residents as wellhead (Mr. Smith (2001). Now, to overcome this problem and to get rid of severe living issues the people got united under one slogan we are 99% and protested against the increase factors which were perilous to their living circumstances. The participants conducted assemblies which were called General Assemblies in which major and basic decisions were causen. Actions to be taken were planned and discussed. In these assemblies, the president and main participants of the proceedment decided to take over the petitions straight and to get hold of the financial situations directly by planning the major road map for this goal. The protestors were failed in the beginning and were forced to move out of the Zuccotti Park where it took place. After they left the place, they never succeeded.

Critical Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Appraisal - Essay ExampleThis is attributed to how knowledge and attitude of oncologists had an effect on grandness preservation in cancer treatment. This forms a foundation of the research question used in the study. In addition, the days and sex of the physicians were incorporated as independent variables to evaluate if they affected the oncologists knowledge and attitude towards fertility preservation. This would identify the need for further education among oncologists about fertility preservation.The analysis of this study and reveals that it tests a prior hypothesis made before the commencement of quantity phase. That is, there is a general conclusion and predictions about cancer and the oncologists current know how, attitude, perception, practices and barriers in relation to the preservation of fertility among the child bearing age populace in the UK. This course satisfies its design as confirmatory with oncologists perception of fertility as a women issue as anot her extraneous variable. This was all the same well controlled by re-accounting the study thesis.The studys design was influenced by the pilot findings (Adams, et al., 2013). The pilot entailed an online survey of a few doctors via MedeConnect Company. The main adjustment through with(p) in the final study is increment of the allocated finance due to the pilots insight that the prior allocated one would not last the project to completion.The inclusion/exclusion or eligibility criterion for the study was that the oncologist doctors had to be registered members of the GMC doctors corporation and had the link of MedeConnect Company. The method used is probability sampling and mainly cluster sampling. The survey had to be carried out through UK in eternity that was the studys sampling frame. Due to insufficient resources, only a few online oncologists had been chosen (Adams, et al., 2013). The sample coat was 100 online oncologists. The

Synthesis of -carbolines as novel CDK4 inhibitors Lab Report

Synthesis of -carbolines as novel CDK4 inhibitors - Lab Report ExampleConsidering the importance of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a set of protein kinases, it is substantial to explore its mechanism that makes it relevant for the lab process. The kinases aid in regulating the cell cycles, transcription Mrna processing and differentiation of nerve cells. In the juncture of these kinases, cyclin is crucial considering that it acts as the regulatory protein which binds the CDKs. Consequently, this means that in the absence of cyclin, less kinase activity takes place because of the absence of cyclin-CDK complexes1.CDK4, acting as a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, functions as an intrinsic catalyutic protein kinase complex for cell cycle G1 phase progression. D type cyclins and CDK inhibitor are important for the functioning of the kinase since they suppress the action of tumour in causation cell proliferation. The kinase works in phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product thereby helping in preventing the occurring mutation of the genes responsible for the tumuourigenesis of various types of cancer 2. Further, small compouds such as pentacyclic quaternary salinity, act as promising factors in the direction for treatment of cancer. The action of the kinase in causing DNA-interchelation can be reduced by -carboline which unremarkably acts as a non-planner maintaining the activity of CDK4.Fascaplysin acts as a pentacyclic quaternary salt used as an anti-cancer agent considering its action in suppressing certain leukemia cells in mice. Further, the salt also end up hindering CDK4 leading to arrest of cell cycle in both normal and tumours ncells in the G phase. The hindering process occurs because it binds to theATP pocket of the kinase, resulting to G arrest via a bidentate hydrogen bond donor/acceptor pair.The chain involving phosphorylation of pRb enables the cell to pass through the G1 checkpoint leading to completion of grade cycle bec ause of the associated release of E2F proteins.

Discuss some of the ways differences and inequalities are made on Essay

Discuss some of the ways differences and inequalities atomic number 18 made on streets in the UK - Essay ExampleStreets, floor and telecommunications services have a role to play in the differences and inequalities people have. Most streets have some common aspects but still there subsist unique characteristics which are visible in the society. Things that show some uniqueness in the streets include dressing style, activities people perform, their material possessions like vehicles, ways they are governed by, the way they interact with other people and how they handle things like conflicts in the society (Amartya& James 1997).In UK, streets give people from a certain neighborhood a sense of belonging and thus they feel they are part of that society. They play a big role in determining how people join to one another in the streets and in their neighbourhood and thus bringing about the differences and difference among people from different streets and neighbourhoods. Differences a nd inequality in the streets of UK could be as a result of the difference in the economic status of people living in a certain street or estate. Materialism is a key separation point between groups of people living in different suburbs. The wealthier the people are the more they see themselves to be greater than the other. The dismay income people are looked down upon by the people who earn high income. Their perspectives on their role in street developments also conflicts and this brings about differentiation and inequality between the two groups of people (Sala 2006).All the people in the society today have a role to play in making it a better place and make it have a sense of community. The people in the streets shopkeepers, caf operators, policemen, traders etc, aim at improving their own standards of living and live in a better neighbourhood. As a result differences and inequalities will always be part of the streets. In UK every street wants to have good pedestal and

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Marketing - Assignment ExampleBusiness goods can be distributed in the following manner producer to consumer producer to divisor to consumer producer to distributor to consumer producer to agent to distributor to consumer. Finally, services, because of its nature can only be distributed either directly to consumers or through an agent. Decisions as to which manner to take must take into account, among others, the resources available, the market itself whether local or foreign, the price of the goods, and geographical feasibility. Avon and Tupperware, for example, shell outs its products directly to consumers whilst Procter and Gamble sells through retailers like supermarkets. Insurance and travel industries sell through agents.Producers must also take into account factors such as the most effective distribution channel, the most appropriate level of distribution bulk and degree of channel integration. In the first, considerations such as buyers expectations, geographical location and clustering of target consumers, producers resources, nature of the goods, and the channels that are being used by competitors are taken into consideration. The second consideration involves the number of channels to be used per area, which may be intensive, selective or exclusive, and should be dependent on the resources of the producer, the image it wants to project and its main priorities. Tyrell Potato Chips, for example, sells only to specialist retailers that gives it an upmarket image and allows it to gain a 35% profit margins not duplicated by its competitors. Finally, the 3rd consideration will depend on how much the producer wants to get involved in the distribution and sales of the goods. It can opt to choose the unoriginal methods, franchising such as the practice of McDonalds, Starbucks, Body Shop and Benetton, or to go all the way by buying all channels involved to

Saint Augustine Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Saint Augustine - Term Paper ExampleHe attended school in both Thagaste and Carh period (Musick 11). The social life he experienced as a teenager was full of sins. The children were taught to value material things from the time they were in school. Augustine grew in this world, and this made him encounter sexual behavior at an early age (Augustine 7). Augustine also engaged in false philosophies. As a teenager, he valued material things rather than God and religion. However, he explains how his uncouth behavior was punished through having a disorderly, confused and full of grief life.Nevertheless, the youthful Augustine creates a passion for the quest of philosophical truth. He also developed an interest in learning the doctrines of manichaeism, skepticism and neoplatonism (Wills 23). In his confessions, he incorporated catholic theology with neoplatonic concepts. Augustines movements from Thagate and Carthage and between Rome and Milan did not free him from doubts about Catholicism and its doctrines. He joined the catholic religion because his mother was from a catholic faith (Wills 24). Filled with doubts about the catholic religion he pursues a career in teaching of rhetoric, he later resented this job claiming that it was a waste of ideas.He also condemns his habit of being involved in sexual behavior at an early age and other sinful activities. When he visited Milan, he decided to embark on Catholicism as his only true faith (Wills 24). Nonetheless, the overt of baptism and abstinence from sex was still difficult for him. He had difficulties in devoting himself fully into the catholic faith. However, he gets full change in his Milan garden and he converts to a staunch and faithful catholic (Musick 12).The final four chapters of his book were based mostly on religious and philosophical concepts of memory (Book X), time and eternity (Book XI), and the chronicle of the Book of Genesis (Books XII and XIII). Even though, he changes the

Crosby Manufacturing Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crosby Manufacturing Corporation - Essay ExampleThe President decided to wage Tim Emary as the puke manager who is again observed to lack managerial experience in the field as well as do not belong to the statuesque project management group of the company, even though Emary is regarded to posses the capability of effective excogitationning. 1. Livingstons Selection of Emary as Project Manager was A Mistake or Right Decision The system which is presently being followed in Crossby, concentrating on the Management of Information System (MIS) as well as customer data base management has been criticized as totally obsolete which is no more competent to meet the financial requirements of the clientele. As a result, the organization was unable to withstand three big government contacts which would have represented the success of Crossby rendering it the desired competitive advantages. Even though the President of the organization has taken an objective-oriented plan and an ultimate ta rget of procuring more government contacts, he was unable to identify the root cause of problem within the organization. When assessing the effectiveness of the currently used MCCS passage in Crossby, it can be observed that efficiency in the execution process is one of the vital factors for the succession of any project which lacked in the organization. ... The close to probable disadvantage of this enrolment can be identified with respect to the proper execution of the planning owing to the limited technical knowledge of Emary regarding electronic Data Processing (EDP). Even though Emary is regarded as a competent planner, he lacks in sufficient understanding of the technical requirements of projects related to MCCS and therefore competency cause trouble in the execution process when performing the roles of project manager, i.e. monitoring and providing suggestions to the functional employees of the EDP department through proper execution of the process, providing blessing for the requirement of new systems as well as servers, coordinating and maintaining effective communication flow among all the departments, setting the future requirements of the various departments and making the call for contacts of procurements with the suppliers of the IT materials in a cost efficient way (Bainey, 2004). To perform these responsibilities competently, adequate experience is required in the field of project management. Therefore, it can be give tongue to that even though Emary is a competent planner, he is not the right person for the execution of the project. In other words, hiring Emary as the project manager for such(prenominal) a crucial project shall lead to various limitations in terms of functional employee dissatisfaction, cost as well as time constraints. To be precise, from a critical perspective, hiring of Emary shall lead towards another failure to Crossby in obtaining governmental contracts. In order to mitigate this particular limitation, the Presiden t can either aim at rendering adequate training to Emary which can again be highly cost as well as time consuming. Or otherwise, the President shall hire an experienced professional for the

Hyper Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hyper Globalization - Research Paper ExampleAccording to Rodrik it is impossible to have a property where globalization flourishes while democracy and sovereignty succeed. Rodrik argues that where globalization flourishes, national policies are weak and where state democracy is strong globalization has no root in that country. Rodrik says that the choice is what is necessary for nations to choose either to succeed in the global integration or national interest. However, he argues a balance can be achieved alike(p) the Bretton Woods convention agreement. Rodrik Dani presents the Argentina scenario to argue that globalization and national politics are incompatible. Argentina economy collapsed after managing to pass the Convertibility Law which ensured that monetary mismanagement was checked to avoid loss of government fund. However, the law created unfavorable exchange rates that made investor turn down any investment hazard in the country. The lawmaker had made it a political ideo logy to control the exchange rate and thus the ideas got support from every quarter of the nation. Nevertheless, the country bumped itself into the reality of the global economy. The advent of GATT and World Trade Organization brought an era that championed the benefit of globalization. These bodies strategized the functioning of the global market by drawing up laws that would check and remediate trade between nations. According to Rodrik, the agreement of Bretton Woods, GATT and WTO refuted the national laws to accommodate free trade. The developed countries supported the idea of globalization and helped establish international financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). These institution initiated hyper-globalization, but with the subordination of national policies.

Health Care Case Discussion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health Care Case Discussion - Term Paper specimengh the doctor may ne incapacitated to save the life of some patients, such patients expect the medical practitioners to employ their professional aptitude wholly in their endeavor to safeguard the wellbeing of patients.As such, it is in the interest of the doctor to settle on resolving the challenges of the patient. Legal and professional code of conduct mandates the physician to settle on medication to administer to his or patients. Additionally, it is upon such physicians to administer the medication to patients, in their ultimate endeavor to alleviate the sufferings of such patients (Cohen, 2013). However, the professional and the level-headed codes of conducts allows for the patients autonomy. Patients have an entitlement to decide on their treatment modes and communicate with the physician, based on their physical and mental soundness. This ought to be in line with the health practitioners professional mode of treatment admini stration while following the preset professional and legal aspects of such treatments.This should be in response to the best interests of the patients. As such, the physicians ought to investigate carefully the health challenges that the patient may be going through, and endeavor to alleviate the patients challenges. Ethical and professional misconduct in the medical study has serious devastating impacts to the subsistence of the patients, as well as the professional development of such physicians (Cohen, 2013). The physicians may also be compelled to undergo through numerous untamed legal challenges.In the case involving Dr. Contadina and Joe, the physician appeared to have neglected the professional objectives by failing to examine carefully the health predicament that Joe was going through. It was apparent that Joe had his total reliance on the doctor, and could not envisage any malice from Dr. Contadina. As such, Joe followed the instructions of the physician fully without qu estioning her procedure. In this case,

Cliffside Orchards Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cliffside Orchards - Case Study ExampleCliffside Orchards generated its first profit in the form 1989. Then, the Hermans were operating as wholesalers. By the end of the year 1990, however, the Orchard recorded fewer profits as a result of a decline in crop yields. The Hermans decided to venture into farmer markets such as Sandpoint, Codalaine and Spokane. Jeff Herman stated that this was a big change, emotionally and spiritually. The couple states that when they began, 32 years ago, they lacked the technological advantages and technical knowhow that is enjoyed by many farmers today. Jeff, however, acknowledges Phil Unterschuetzs publication on Organic Integrated fertility Management publication as a crucial guide that helped them through the numerous challenges that they faced over the past 32 years such as the Alar scare of 1989. The couple has witnessed firsthand the effects of unsustainable agriculture and the use of extreme chemicals in crop growth. As such, they consecrate e ndeavored to adopt healthy crop growth practices for the sake of their children and the environment. The Cliffside Orchards has been a success story for farmers all over fighting for the cause of purely organic outlandish practices. Part of the couples objectives is to provide an example of how maintained organic practices can yield healthy and nutritious tree ripened fruit that is sweet.

New York Times Article Review in environment Essay

New York Times Article Review in environment - shew ExampleNew technologies, such as high-efficiency heating and cooling equipment in office buildings, pumps and motors in industrial settings, compact fluorescent bulbs and low-emitting diodes, etc., provide an opportunity to byzant thrust use, reducing emissions from electricity generation. However, high prices do not allow any considerable re-equipment of the US population. The new initiative offers a wonderful beginning of the problem. The auction is to bring hundreds of millions of dollars annually. This money can be used to assist residential and business customers to upgrade their equipment.The author of the article fairly suggests that the initiative should beseem the foundation of federal-state partnership. Conducted by the federal government, the auction is likely to raise much more money, leading to a significant reduction of energy use and fluff emissions. Set under a national cap and run by the federal government, th e auction could bring tens of billions annually. The states could get funds for implementation of their decisions and regulation on utilities, the location of power plants, building codes and land use. Many states take steps in the direction of energy efficiency. So Massachusetts has cut the annual egression in electricity demand by nearly one-third. Rebates, low-interest loans and incentives allowed residential and business customers reequip their settings reducing the use of energy and saving their money. California promotes solar power installations and energy efficient building designs. Connecticut has issued a law making utilities to re-equip and invest into energy efficiency projects. The International Energy Conservation Code and its equivalents for residential and commercial buildings have become the guidelines for action in many states. According to the Clean Air Act states should get federal funds to carry emerge their local strategies on pollution prevention. The federa l-state

The Bloody Chamber Essay Example for Free

The Bloody Chamber EssayThe major sense of discouragement arises when the heroine enters the bloody chamber in her newly wedded husbands castle. The impact of this moment is powerful beca spend up to now the bride is portrayed as a nave blushing bride. At this point it can be sensed that death awaits her. Once she passes the ill-lit corridor she crosses the boundary into the realm of death, mutilation, blood and horror. The passage leading up to this point has been thoroughly draw by Carter. Angela Carter goes as far as to personify the chamber walls, they gleamed as if they were sweating with fright. Initially the narrative begins in an excited garbled state, but as the description becomes detailed it invokes a sense of immediacy. At the height of suspense we are led to the dead corpse with, the dead lips smiled making the situation correct more drastic. Carter then strangely begins to describe the surroundings with elegant imagery, yet the skull was still so beautiful, had shapes with sheer planes. As the bride becomes familiar with her surroundings there is a growing sense of tension and when she finally comes face to face with the previous bride she is overwhelmed and is forced to escape the horrors.The imagery used at this point is particularly ghastly and highlights the use of dismal situations by Angela Carter, She was pierced, not by one but by one hundred spikes. Angela Carters use of desperate circumstances transforms the fairy taradiddle conventions beyond its boundaries and into the realm of gothic fantasy. Carter also uses sustained periods of tense feelings to create an atmosphere of pressure fear. also by adding horrific detail and descriptive references to sexual activity the story no longer fits into the classic fairy tale genre.Angela Carter makes good use of narrative, plots, imagery and language to create scenes in horrific detail that helps to drive the readers attention. Angela Carter also uses unpromising situations in The Tigers Bridei to capture the audience. The Tigers Bride is a reworking of beaut and the Beast. Angela Carter tries to engage the reader by using language and imagery in fact the girlfriend is not disgusted by the tiger but by his mask. Carter also uses alliteration with the soft choke of s making the description of the tool sound comforting where in reality he is far from it, He must bathe himself in scent, soak his shirt. The heroines reaction to the beastsisituation is pity and she confronts her fear by exposing herself to the beast as well. The actual moment of the tigers nakedness has a powerful impact on beauty. This can be supported by, The annihilating vehemence of his eyes, like likeness suns. Beautys response to the beasts naked form is, I felt my breasts ripped apart as if I suffered a marvellous wound. The final transformation occurs when Beauty joins the tiger in his own environment, where the laws of the material world have no meaning.This is a key point where al l the disturbed emotions become resolved. This can be proven when beauty says, I, white, shaking, raw approaching him as if offering, in myself, the key to a peaceable kingdom in which his appetite need not be my extinction. Carters use of a desperate situation where the heroine is not a victim but a character that is strong and in control, takes this story away from the traditional convention of fairytales. Also Beautys transformation takes this genre into the realm of fantasy. The strong references to sexuality also go against the conventions of fairy tales.In the climax of the story where the situation seems to become desperate and hopeless, Carter empowers beauty. wherefore beauty is able to control her desires. I believe by doing this Carter can manipulate the structure and rules of the genre. Cartersiuse of desperate situations and emotional instability totally contradicts the fairy Carters use of the above techniques takes apart the readers expectations of this genre, leavin g them open minded to almost anything. Ultimately Carter thus keeps the reader interested and intrigued.

Attendance Requirement in College Essay Example for Free

Attendance Requirement in College EssayAttending college is supposed to signify freedom to make choices regarding education. However, many students who plans to continue their education gather in that college does not give this freedom. In both(prenominal) countries, college students are expected to fall classes that they have register. However, should practiseance be mandatory in college? Even though some believe that college attendance should be flexible, I believe that college attendance should be mandatory. The first reason why college attendance should be mandatory is the lack of seeing. For example, Students who attend regularly classes have better opportunity to infrastand the courses what are done in class, while students who do not attend classes will not understand. Also, because students who attend regularly the classes understand the courses, they have a better chance to have good grades during test. On the contrary, students who do not attend classes, and do not understand the courses they get bad grades during test. Indeed, college attendance should be mandatory to help all the students understand the courses.Another reason why college attendance should be mandatory is it frame kindreds. College attendance build relation mingled with students and students. In college, there is many ship canal to meet friends that you can count on in the future such(prenominal) as joining a club, or in class. Students who do not attend college classes will not have these opportunities. College also build relation between students and teachers. Students who attend classes have the opportunity to know their teachers.Teachers have the same opportunity to know their students, and that relation between them will help the teachers to know the students lacks and find ways to help them. On the other hand, students who do not attend school will be stuck with his lacks. Opponents believe that mandatory attendance policies does not go under life lesson categories. If students do not utter up at the classes, they register that will not affect them in the real world. However, I believe it does go under life lesson categories.If students get into the habit of not showing at classes, they register that will affect them in the real world. For example, if you do not show at work, you will be fired. College attendance should be mandatory to avoid that habit. In conclusion, College attendance should be mandatory to help students understand their course, to build relationship between students/ students and students/ teacher and to avoid bad habit. Nowadays, many students are skipping classes. In my opinion, college attendance should be mandatory.

A Day at the Circus Maximus Essay Example for Free

A Day at the Circus Maximus EssayThe Ancient Romans knew how to make their politicians work for them, and often demanded stops and faires from political candidates. This lead to the races being free which meant anyone could go. Gangs were seen rioting through the streets in celebration of their favourite charioteers victory. Fights broke out between the fans of victors and losers. Just like moderne day sports fans. Many fri force outs would meet up and have a good time at the races supporting their team. Latin for greatest circus, the Circus Maximus was the first and largest circus in ancient Rome, and it could seat about a quarter of the entire population of the city. Most Romans did not have weekends off, working seven days a week but if there was chariot racing they would take the day off since everyone would be at the races and no one would buy anything. Men and women were allowed in the audience, making it a popular family entertainment which allowed a larger variety of p eople to break and meant that more people would watch. This was not down to it being cherry but to the fact that it was free and anyone could watch. Since men and women were allowed to sit together this offered a great opportunity for a man to chat up a muliebrity he finds attractive.This could be another reason why chariot races were so popular. The Circus Maximus was around 2000 ft long and 625 ft wide. That is about the size of five modern football fields laid end to end. This meant it was a great spectacle since it was so large and made it very elicit. At its largest, the stadium had three tiers of sit and an estimated capacity of up to 270,000 spectators which allowed for a great atmosphere at the races and made it more popular without any violence which makes me think that violence was not the however reason to watch the races.The chariots started from twelve gates, six on either side of an entrance. Above sat the presiding official whose white flag signalled the races to begin. At either end of the racetrack were the turning posts, around which charioteers raced their steeds at break-neck speeds. This did mean that it was very dangerous. There were thirteen turns, for seven laps, a distance of five miles. This made the races very exciting since the chariots were going at incredible speeds. The races were only fifteen minutes long so there was high octane action in a short tot of time which made the races very exciting.There were also around 24 races a day which meant there was a dispense happening in a day and many people would stay for the day. The charioteers were split into four teams, the whites, the reds, the greens and the blues. This made the races more fun because you went to support your team rather than just watch the races. This also led to betting and many people would come just to bet on the different teams. To conclude there are a lot of reasons for coming to the races and the danger of the races isnt one of the main reasons for w atching the races.

Plasmid Retention and Bacteria Growth in E Coli

Plasmid Retention and Bacteria Growth in E ColiThe increase interest by the industry in recombinant protein employment has ca utilize an intensive mull in this area during the last years. However, it is easy known that there are a number of issues associated with the extravagantly expression of a recombinant protein. E. coli is one of the most used organisms for this purpose. In this organism, the most honey oil and challenging occupation is the formation of inclusion bodies. Probably, an incorrect folding process provokes that the recombinant protein forms those structures. When the protein forms inclusion bodies, it is insoluble and usually useless. In set up to find a proper protocol for the high production of the protein S, we establish assessed the expression system which use the BL21*DE3 strain as soldiery and the pCV05 plasmid which contains the protein S sequence fused with the His tabloid sequence. Growth grade, plasmid loss and recombinant expression level were as sessed. We obtained a reasonable production of target protein in the insoluble instalment. moreover research is needed to know whether the processing of the His tag is able to make soluble the protein from the inclusion bodies as is described by other researchers.IntroductionThe increasing interest by the industry in recombinant protein production (RPP), due to the number of applications it can provide, has caused an intensive study in this area in lay out to change its protocols. Thus, an improvement would make possible an increment in the target protein yield and the quality production as well as to establish more economical host and plasmid for each target protein .The most common hosts utilized in RPP are bacteria because of the capacity that they make to express almost whatsoever gen and the relative facility to modify and use their plasmids in order to produce the target protein .However, it is widely known the number of problems that these hosts have when they produce a high amount of recombinant protein. Firstly, a frequent problem is the appearance of inclusion bodies which hinder a correct domesticatey of the target protein produced . Secondly, the host lysis event is the other common problem in RPP in bacteria. This undesirable happening in the production of recombinant proteins can be produced for several reasons. One of them is the high level synthesis of the messenger RNA and the target protein . Other reasons described are the accumulation of fragments of the recombinant protein because of the proteolysis . Finally, the main cause of the problems related to RPP is the accumulation of incorrectly folded intermediates of the recombinant protein. In E. coli this fact implies general stress responses .In order to find a proper protocol for the protein S (PS) production in E. coli and know more about the RPP process, we conducted an experiment testing post- inductor bacteria growth, production of target protein and plasmid retention. In this experiment the E. coli strain BL21*DE3 change with the plasmid pCV05 was used to express the PS fused with a C-terminal His tag (6xHis).Materials and MethodsThe E. coli strain BL21*DE3 transformed with the plasmid pCV05 (a derivative of pET21a plasmid) was utilized to conduct the experiment. This plasmid carries in its sequence the gene of PS fused with a C-terminal extra sequence which encodes a His tag (predicted molecular weight 60 KDa). A flask with 25 mL LB (10 g L-1 tryptone, 5 g L-1 yeast extract, 5 g L-1 NaCl) supplemented with 0.1 g L-1 carbenicillin was inoculated with a single colony of E. coli. Subsequently, this flask was incubated during 7 hours (25C). The next step was to inoculate the 2.5-L fermenter (G CH-4103 Bottmingen), which contained 2 L LB supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) glucose and 0.1 g L-1 carbenicillin, with 25 mL from the flask previously inoculated and incubated during 8 hours (25C). Immediately before inoculate the fermenter, a sample was taken in order t o use it as a neat to measure the OD650nm of the following samples. The culture was grown at 25C until an OD650 nm of nearly 0.6 when it was added the inducer of recombinant protein expression (IPTG). The culture was supplemented with 100 M IPTG. later this step, the culture was grown at 25C during 8 hours. The pH was controlled at 7 adding 5% (v/v) HCl and 1 M NH3, and 0.03% (v/v) final concentration of silicone antifoam was added in the fermenter due to prevent foaming during the last hours of the fermentation. During that period of 8 hours, the culture was fed and samples were taken at various times. One sample was picked proficient before the induction (0h) and the other samples were put in at 1h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h and 7h subsequently the induction in order to check the bacteria growth. Besides, a pellet of bacteria was obtained from those samples pile up to check the amount of target protein by a 15% SDS-PAGE gel subsequently stained with 0.2% (w/v) Coomassie Blue using the NEB Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (7-175 KDa) as a marker. In addition, BugBuster Protein Extraction Reagent protocol was conducted for additional 0h, 3h, 4h and 8h samples due to separate the insoluble and the soluble protein fractions from the bacteria and assess them by SDS-PAGE as described above. On the other hand, 0h, 3h and 7h samples were plated onto non selective nutrient agar (NA) and later replicated onto NA supplemented with 0.1 g L-1 carbenicillin in order to assess the plasmid retention of the bacteria.ResultsInducer effect in Bacteria growthIt was conducted a measurement of OD650 nm of the culture during the 8h-period of growth. In order to conduct that assessment, samples were collected immediately before the induction (0h) and 1h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h after the induction with IPTG.After the IPTG induction the culture grew slowly until time 3h. After that time, the growth rate was increased meaning(a)ly until time 5h. However, at this time the culture present ed a decrease in growth until time 7h. The growth dropped specially between time 5h and 6h (Fig. 1).Plasmid retentionTo assess how the E. coli strain BL21*DE3 retains the pCV05 plasmid after the IPTG induction, samples from the fermenter were collected at time 0h, 3h and 7h post-induction. Serial dilutions of these samples were plated onto non selective NA and subsequently replicated onto NA supplemented with carbenicillin. The relation between the colonies grown on NA plates and the colonies grown in NA supplemented with carbenicillin give the % of plasmid retention.The plasmid retention was hardly altered during the period of 7 hours post-induction assessed. Unexpectedly, according to the results obtained, the plasmid retention 3 hours after the induction is high than the rate at time 0h. Regarding the time 7h, the plasmid retention percentage is much lower than in time 0h and 3h (Fig. 2).Target protein yieldIn order to compare the target protein yield during the growth of the cu lture, samples were collected immediately before the induction (0h) and different times post-induction (1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h). In addition, insoluble and soluble fractions for time 0h, 3h, 4h and 8h were obtained in order to know if the target protein was correctly folded (protein in soluble fraction) or incorrectly folded (insoluble fraction). These samples were assessed in a SDS-PAGE gel.According to the SDS-PAGE profiles, although the PSHis band should be nigh 60 KDa, in this experiment the target band seems to be below the expected weight (Fig. 3).Regarding the total protein assessment, this band shows a gradual increase in its vehemence from time 3h to time 5h post-induction. However, at time 0h, 1h, 2h after induction there was not significant production of the recombinant protein (Fig. 3a). As for the soluble and insoluble fraction samples, the SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a higher intensity of the target protein band in the insoluble fraction than in the soluble fraction of the times 8h, 4h and 3h. At those times, the intensity of the recombinant protein band for insoluble fraction samples is almost impossible to appreciate. The same occurs for the soluble and insoluble fraction samples at time 0h (Fig. 3b). Overall, according to the results of the SDS-PAGE profiles, there was a significant recombinant protein production since the time 3h after the induction with IPTG. On the other hand, it seems to be that there was not a proper target protein folding because the recombinant protein could be strand in the insoluble fraction rather than in the soluble fraction.DiscussionThe main cause of an incorrect folding of the recombinant protein when a high yield is conducted is well known. The accumulation of misfolded protein intermediates causes considerable stress in the host cell . A wide range of different strategies have been conducted in order to solve this problem . It has been described that the use of IPTG-inducible T7 RNA polymerase system in the BL 21 strain to produce high concentrations of recombinant protein usually implies a high level of post-induction stress . The solution proposed by some researchers is select mutants which have lower expression rates of the recombinant protein . Other researchers have opted for limiting the concentration of inducer used . Nowadays, the establishment of general protocols and host for the different target proteins is still a challenge.In this experiment, we have assessed the capacity of the E. coli strain BL21*DE3 to produce a high amount of PS fused with a C-terminal His tag as well as the bacteria growth during the process and the plasmid retention. According to the first character reference of the results, the bacteria growth rate changed during the 7 hours of fermentation. It is described that the high amount of recombinant protein in the cell causes stress response. This stress response implies that the growth rate of the culture turned into a negative rate (the number of cells in the culture decreases) . The information collected from other groups conducting the same experiment shows that this event has happened in 2 groups but the other 3 groups have a different growth pattern (Fig. 4). Technical issues may explain this incongruity between the different results obtained.Regarding the plasmid retention, the data obtained in this experiment educe that because of the stress perplexed by the cells when the recombinant protein levels are higher, the cells tend to have a lower rate of plasmid retention. An explanation may be that the bacteria with the plasmid suffer a higher stress due to the induction by the IPTG, and thus, they have less chance to survive than the bacteria which accidentally do not have the plasmid. Therefore, the bacteria suffer a selective pressure which results in a plasmid loss and it is more obvious after several hours of growth. Analyzing the data obtained by other colleagues, it is livelihooded that there is a relation between the ti me after the induction and the plasmid retention rates (Table 1).As for the PSHis yield, the data shows that in the BL21*DE3 strain using pCV05 as a plasmid and with the conditions described before, this expression system needs 3 hours to start expressing the recombinant protein. After that time, it seems that the most part of the target protein is in the insoluble fraction. Regarding the total protein samples assessment, the relative amount of target protein produced by the cultures of the all groups was the same (Table 2). However, the recombinant protein is still in the insoluble fraction after the BugBuster Protein Extraction Reagent protocol. Probably, some of the proteins from the insoluble fraction were forming inclusion bodies . It is described that after the expression of the protein removing the His tag makes the recombinant protein more soluble and thus, it is possible to dissolve the inclusion bodies and recover a functional recombinant protein . Furthermore, the His tag allows an easier purification of the protein due to the affinity of this polypeptide for metal ions . In order to confirm those statements for PS, it would be necessary to conduct purification and a proteolysis process of the His tag in order to assess whether the efficiency of this expression system is cost-effective and the amount of protein obtained is enough.The conclusion of these data is that this expression system for the PS yield could be a good and profitable system whether the His tag added finally allows to recover the recombinant protein from the inclusion bodies.AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to Dr Claire Vine, Dr Ian Cadby and Dr Jeff Cole for the excellent support given as well as the rest of the groups which conducted the same experiment because they have contributed to the experiment with very valuable data.

Childs Safety In Mind Children And Young People Essay

Childs Safety In Mind Children And Young People EssayA cheeseparing aboriginal childhood purlieu meets the childs basic needs and supports and encourages children to engage in activities that implement the programs curriculum. the environment is designed to enable provide to facilitate the optimum accomplishment for their children. the environment set outs pargonnts and bindians feel welcome, involved, and empowered. Kids often trip or tumble so the play space should accommodate this with unattackablety precautions. Local building codes for childrens indoor play aras atomic number 18 as well as important to en accredited the bea meets solely standards during the construction phase. An early childhood environment is many things Its a safe place where children ar protected from the elements and ar easily supervised, and its where the important activities of the day take place, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as playing, eating, sleeping, washing hands, and passing game to the bathroom. The success of an early childhood environment is not open upon aesthetics and design alone. Places Children Can C all Their Own. A basic human need is the need to belong. Children need to feel they belong, too. They need to be tight to hatful they know, gain familiar and comfortable objects, and be in a setting that has a personal history for them. Early Childhood Environments Should Be Functional for twain Children and T individuallyersAccidents- leading cause of death for children. Most deaths could easily be prevented, so it is important to deliver your childs safety in mind at all times. Children are most commonly exposed to lead by the ingestion of paint chips or dirt that is contaminated with lead-Those days lead was an ingredient of paint, so children keep in senior(a) homes with chipping paint are most at risk for lead poisoning- Reviewing your homes risk for causinglead poisoning- avoid purchasing older toys at yard/garage/rummage sales. Some may switch been recalled for lead paint- eating regimens that are cooked or stored in imported or glassed pottery. Make sure older buildings contain no lead, asbestos or other toxic materials. Your community health department or child care concentrate on licensing agency backside regulate you in contact with experts who can take samples of paint and other materials for official findings.Learning to usebaby productscorrectly and check to age stamp down recommendations. Puttingdoor knob coverson doors that you dont want your child to open, including the bathroom, rooms that arent childproofed. Checking the floor regularly for small items and toys that younger children can defile on. includes marbles, balls, uninflected or brokenballoons, small magnets, and small toy valet de chambres. save uping all of thetop household poisonsout of your childs reach and in a childproofed cabinet. spyglass pack-angin medicine-kids panadol-first aid-updated regularly. You can prevent falls and/o r things falling on them As with infants, be sure to secure ch demeanors, tables, shelves, lamps. so they cant pull them over on themselves. If you have windows that they can reach, be sure they are screened, open from the top, or keep them closed and locked. If you cant- barricade them. Installing so-and-so alarmsand nose candy monoxide detectors.- common sources of carbon monoxide exposure include- Preventing Carbon Monoxide PoisoningOil and gas furnacesMotor vehiclesStove/Gas rangePlacing latches andlocks on cabinetsanddrawers.Installing astove guardin front of the stove to keep your childs hands off the burners.Securing appliances, including the refrigerator, dishwasher, and oven, with anappliance locking strap.Installing covers on electrical outlets- Take a look slightly your home at your electrical cords- move them out of reach.Be sure your stairways (stairs, porches, decks, lofts, etc.) have railings- if possible one that a child can reach. If your tones are prone to being slippery, put tread mats on them or carpeting- something non-skid. If you are using a high chair for toddlers, be sure they have a wide base (so they cant be tipped over) and always use the restraints. Never leave your baby unattended in the bath. Be sure your smoke alarms are working properly. SAFETY SCISSORS-dap equipmentsA baby gate should be an important part of every home with children. These items safely block off distinct parts of the house that are potentially dangerous to toddlers such as staircases. If there are any plains of the house that your toddler should not be going to yet, then you definitely need to find a gate to keep them safe. Ideally, they should be easy to install sturdy and be made of materials that are safe for your toddler. guidelines for buying the best one possibleA frame that connects to a door frame and does not have any gaps for the heads or fingers of children. Be sure there are no sharp edges.Do not use gates with potential foot holds.Do you have toys or objects same(p) marbles, legos, etc that have a diameter of less than 1 1/4 inch (about the size of a half dollar) or have detachable parts? If so they need to be thrown out or put away and NOT USED in your daycare for toddler safety/ Keep all plastic bags and Styrofoam packing out of their reach for toddler safety-Choking/suffocation and Poison hazardsCommon sense tells us to keep all medications, cleaning supplies, insect poisons, hemipterous insect spray, weeds killers out of reach or locked up. be sure that all sunscreen, perfumes, and cosmetics, alcoholic beverages, vitamins, and pet supplies are as well. Do not chemically make do your yard, use insect/rat poisons, or weed killer when the kids are present.Also, can the kids get behind your T.V.? If so, move it so they arent able to. If you have your computer, videodisk players, cd players within their reach, move them up high so they cant.Keep lighters and matches out of reach. Be sure your toilet lids are always clo sed. Always keep sharp objects out of a toddlers reach. Only takes a couple of seconds for those to become sharp So are the edges of an aluminum foil/plastic wrapping knock There moldiness be two exits out of each child practise room. One exit essential lead directly to the outside. There must be a fire suppression system end-to-end the facility. Follow guidelines-health/fire departmnt. The building will need to have high ceilings to accommodate the master(prenominal) play structure. We recommend in the midst of 5 and 6 meters. Insurance?Equipment made of?-high quality. Matainance-carefully evaluated and assessed on an annual basis.If you have a working fireplace, wood stove or space heater, is it safely screened and inaccessible to children? Are privacy locks on bathroom or bedroom doors inaccessible to children? Can the lock be opened readily from the outside? Does the kitchen meet fire safety standards? Is fire protection available within a short distance of your center? D oes the center have fitting hand washing and toileting arenas in the rooms occupied by children?The military position for the preschool play area is one of the most important decisions- Choosing the location for each piece of play equipment takes some time and consideration. An open space with plenty of room for active preschoolers is essential. The room also needs some degree of security depending on the particular situation. In a child care setting, a room that is easy to monitor and keep secure is more important. Avoid areas with high air pollution/near gas stations where there are underground or above ground gas/oil storage tanks. Survey-surrounding-road-CAR parks. at once the location is established, the foundation of the room begins to take shape. Responsive/Stimulating-Not overwhelming(DAP)(colours). Because so many child care facilities have limited space, it can be challenging to respond to the uniqueness of each child within a collective environment. Young children hav e unique personalities and needs that require us to respond to them as individuals, not as members of a conclave. The environment must be responsive to this need. Ease of cleaning, maintenance, supervision, cost, and adult aesthetics should not detract from providing spaces children feel are designed for them. Children need to have private areas, secluded corners, lofts, and odd-shaped enclosures. Individual cubbies for each childs clothes and belongings, photographs of home and family, and at least a couple of secluded areas where two or three children can gather allow children opportunities to maintain their individuality and break away from the group to avoid over stimulation.Accurate measurements of the area help with the indoor play equipment selection. It also helps when choosing and purchasing the floor covering. A soft flooring option helps prevent injuries when children fall off of the soft play equipment. Preschool children often fall soft surfaces such as mats underneath protect the kids. A rubber floor covering is a common option for a childrens indoor play area. It helps absorb the encroachment when a child falls from short play equipment. Gymnastic mats are another option for the area. These floor mats also help absorb the shock. Foam mats are also use for kids play areas. Local building codes governing childrens play areas might have specific requirements for the floor covering so its always a good idea to check first. A floor plan of the room helps determine the layout of the childrens indoor play area. It should provide a mixture of play equipment that is appropriate for preschool-aged children. The budget will influence the selection of the equipment. Soft play equipment is a popular option if the budget allows. These special pieces of equipment are designed to prevent injuries as the young children play on them. Evaluate the entire center, including the playground, hallways, and bathrooms.Hire professional-know 1st aid/***- handle young on es-follow RATIO. knowledge and understanding of infant/toddler addition patterns and developmental needs are critical in providing appropriate care and experiences.Creating play zones that separate the different types of play equipment increases the safety of the childrens indoor playground. Consider the aggregate of space each toy needs, including a buffer area to allow easy movement. The types of activities that go well together are also a factor. Once the arrangement is selected and the soft play equipment and other play areas are set up, a final walk through is needed. This test run checks for a good flow in the indoor play area to make sure the kids wont constantly run into one another. Kids and adults should easily move around all of the play equipment. A clear line of vision for the adults from all vantage points in the room is another key factor to check during the test run. folie making area separate-quiet ones. Managing noise is important in a classroom. Placing carpet o n the floor absorbs noise as absorbent tile on the ceiling. The see center should be next to a quiet area like the art area. Blocks are loud, and should be laid next to other loud areas such as the woodworking bench. Noisy activities can also be placed in transition areas or moved outside in good weather.group size, the developmental stages and the infants/toddlers needs shall determine the amount of space and spatial organization. The environmental needs of non-mobile infants are different from those of mobile infants, as space becomes a life-and-death consideration for young infants developing gross motor skills such as crawling and walking. The use of appropriate barriers is necessary for the safety and protection of younger infants. Dividers are any physical object that serves to delineate areas within a classroom, create interest areas, control traffic, and distribute children throughout the classroom. Almost anything can be used as a divider, so long as it is safe shelves, couches, fabric hung from a line, streamers attached to the ceiling, folding screens, puppet stages, etc. Safety is obviously a critical issue. Some dividers are easy to push over. The larger and heavier they are at the bottom, the safer. A divider can also be secured by fastening it to the floor or a wall. Several equipment companies have introduced dividers that attach directly to storage units and furniture. Ideally, dividers should be multi-functional for use as storage units, play furniture, and display boards.Keep in mind that solid dividers or walls of more than 30-40 inches high disrupt the circulation of air in the classroom and limit supervision of children. Less solid dividers, like fabric, avoid this problem. One teacher creatively used colorful fabric streamers attached to the ceiling as effective dividers.Unlike traditional classrooms, early childhood environments need to support both basic functions and learning activities. Look around your classroom from a childs pe rspective. Are toilets, sinks, windows, faucets, drinking fountains, mirrors, towel racks, chairs and tables, tooth brush containers, and bulletin boards at the childs level and child-sized? Are classrooms, bathrooms, kitchens, and eating areas close together so that children can develop self-help skills and important autonomous behaviors?Like children, teachers also need to have spaces that are functional. Teachers need to be able to arrange and rearrange their classrooms for various class activities and supervision purposes. Classrooms that include permanent, build-in features such as lofts, playhouses, tables, benches, alcoves, and cubbies can be problematic. These types of better features make it difficult for teachers to create areas for gross motor activities, can cause injury in active children, or prevent inclusion of physical activities altogether. Classrooms built as a basic shell work best. Adaptations must be made carefully for any child with special needs, be they phy sical challenges, learning disabilities, or emotional issues. Brail and large lettering can be used for children with visual impairments, and sign language can be incorporated into the curriculum for those children with hearing impairments. Reducing distractions, glare, and over stimulation helps accommodate children with ADD and ADHD. Visual images are an important part of developing a feeling of belonging in all children, so it is important to display pictures of single parent families, grandparent families, and homes of every race and ethnicity, including interracial, multiethnic, and adoptive families.The entire center should also reflect diversity throughout the world race, ethnicity, languages.Storage areas are a little like entrance and exits-they receive lots of traffic and are noisy and congested. For these reasons, storage areas can sometimes foster disruptive behavior and noise. Provide easy access to materials, allowing children to get what they need quietly and easily. The closer materials are to where they will be used, the better. Storage must also be designed so that materials for independent child use are separate from those teachers control.Activity Area Access. Activity areas need to be located next to supplies and be easy to clean up. The classic example is the art area. While providing easy access to paint, easels, paper, and brushes, the art area needs to be close to a water source and on a surface that can withstand a mess. Similarly, the reading area must be close to obtain shelves, magazine racks, and comfortable places to sit.CHILD SAFETYThis is especially true once their children become mobile and start crawling their way into trouble.Child safety is a very sensitive issue and importance for it is rising in the recent times with the rising cases of child missing, child injuries, child labor and so on. As a social citizen it is your duty to support child safety awareness and this could be best done by protecting your own child from t he world. efforts which you put to save your child from any of the dangers. Saving your child is extremely easy as it mainly includes one precaution which if followed by you can surely make a change. This precaution is that you need to keep a constant eye on your child.The areas for play, diapering, sustenance and napping shall be set up to maximize contact between the caregiver and the infant. These areas shall allow the interaction to be unhurried and quiet. Areas (especially play areas) for non-mobile infants shall be separate from those for mobile infants. The napping area shall be physically separate from other action areas. Partitions or other suitable barricades shall be used to separate the napping area from other areas. The outdoor activity area shall be suitably surfaced and well-drained. The outdoor activity area shall be equipped with a variety of age-and developmentally-appropriate toys and equipment. The outdoor activity area shall also have shaded areas. Cribs/cots shall be of sturdy construction with closely-spaced bars. Each crib/cot shall be occupied by only one infant. Each crib/cot shall have a firm mattress and it shall be covered with vinyl radical or similar moisture-resistant material. Cribs/cots shall be arranged so as to provide a walkway and work space between the cribs/cots sufficient to permit staff to reach each infant without having to step over or reach over another infant-observable. Separate facilities shall be provided for food preparation. Food preparation utensils and equipment shall not be used for other purposes. Sufficient and suitable facilities shall be provided for the sterilization of milk bottles. Sinks with running water shall be provided near the diaper change area at a ratio of one sink for every 10 infants /toddlers aged 18 months and below. Sufficient potty chairs shall be provided for the infants / toddlers- kept separate from the kitchen/food preparation areas. Sleeping infants shall be placed on their back s rather than on their fronts to ensure that their breathing is not interfered. Any other soft materials that may potentially block the airways such as pillows, blankets, comforters, and bean bag chairs shall be removed. Feeding equipment and all surfaces used for food preparation shall be sterilized after each use. Liquid soap shall be used and hands washed under running waterbefore and after diaperingbefore and after preparation of meals and feeding an infantwhen in contact with bodily fluids such as mucus, urine, saliva or faecal matterDisposable paper towels shall be used for drying hands. The diapering area shall be disinfected with each diaper change. Soiled diapers shall be placed in plastic bags and disposed of in a covered bin, preferably with a step pedal to reduce the risk of contamination. Log book RECORD-allergies/ diaper changing routines/ feeding times/ injuries/visitors